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Parasitology II > Pig Parasites > Flashcards

Pig Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Which parasites of pigs are pasture transmitted?

A

Hyostrongylus rubidus, Oesophagostomum spp., Metastrongylus spp.

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2
Q

Which parasites are transmitted in indoor pigs?

A

Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis,

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3
Q

Which parasites are eradicated in commercial swine in Canada?

A

Trichinella

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4
Q

Which parasites are not in pigs in Canada?

A

Taenia solium

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5
Q

What are the pig parasites?

A
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6
Q

Life cycle of Hyostrongylus rubidus?

A

typical life cycle of trichostrongyles

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of Hyostrongylus rubidus?

A
  • rarely causes clinical problems
    but possibly:
  • ulceration, stomach perforation
  • hemorrhage, anemia (blood feeder)
  • decreased milk yield & fertility
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8
Q

Life cycle of Ascaris suum?

A
  • adults in SI (extremely fecund females)
  • eggs pass in feces
  • larval development occurs entirely w/in egg, temp dependent development
  • extremely hardy eggs (7-10 yrs in shaded, damp conditions)
  • PPP: 6-8 wks
  • no transplacental or transmammary infection
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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Ascaris suum?

A
  • often asymptomatic
    MIGRATING LARVAE can cause:
  • physical damage to liver (1st infection)
  • hypersensitivity, allergic inflammation (esosinophilic), “milk spots” in liver (following infections)
  • emphysema, “HEAVES” or “THUMPS”, & secondary bacterial/viral infections in lungs
    ADULT WORMS can cause:
  • subclinical effects, performance problems, rarely: obstruction, perforation of the gut wall, occlude bile duct
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10
Q

Life cycle of Trichinella

A

direct life cycle
- adult nematodes in small intestine of host
- L1 in muscles of SAME HOST
- foodborne transmission only (no fecal or environmental stage)

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11
Q

Clinical signs of Trichinella in people?

A
  • often subclinical
  • adults in small intestine: D+
  • larvae in muscles: myalgia, fever, periorbital oedema, myocarditis (potentially fatal)
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12
Q

What is the life cycle of Strongyloides ransomi (S. suis now)?

A
  • adult females in SMALL INTESTINE
  • homogonic & heterogonic lifecycles
  • percutaneous & oral transmission of L3
  • prenatal & TRANSMAMMARY pathogen of nursing piglets (2 wk old)
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13
Q

Pathogenesis of Strongyloides ransomi (S. suis now) in nursing piglets?

A

catarrhal enteritis, dysentery, anemia (75% mortality)

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14
Q

What is the life cycle of Oesophagostomum spp.?

A
  • typical trichostrongyle life cycle
  • L4 encyst in nodules in LARGE INTESTINE
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15
Q

Subclinical and clinical effects of Oesophagostomum spp.?

A
  • Piglets: D+. weight loss, anorexia
  • finishing pigs: reduced weight gain
  • sows: reduced litter sizes & milk production
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16
Q

What is the life cycles of Trichuris suis?

A
  • L1 develops inside egg, infective
  • simple mucosal migration
17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Trichuris suis?

A
  • often asymptomatic
  • anorexia, poor weight gain, large bowel D+ (mucous +/- blood), hypoalbuminemia/anemia
18
Q

What is the life cycle of Metastrongylus spp.?

A
  • indirect life cycle w/ earthworm IH
  • pig passes larvated eggs in feces
  • earthworm eats eggs
  • translation L1-L3
  • pig eats L3 in earthworm
19
Q

what is the symptoms of Metastrongylus spp. in pigs?

A

verminous bronchopneumonia in young outdoor pigs (like husk in cattle)

20
Q

What is the life cycle of Taenia solium?

A

predator-prey indirect life cycle
- human DH, swine IH (people can also serve as IH)
- eggs are immediately infective & resistant

21
Q

What conditions do Taenia solium cause?

A

neurocysticercosis & epilepsy

22
Q

Symptoms of Sarcoptes scabiei var suis?

A

thick scabs & crusts, highly pruritic, major production losses

23
Q

Symptoms of Haematopinus suis?

A

itchy bites can lead to self excoriation & weight loss

24
Q

Symptoms of Cystoisospora suis?

A

yellow-gray, pasty D+ (often no blood), loss of condition, dehydration, high morbidity, low mortality

25
Q

Life cycle of Toxoplasmosis in pigs?

A
  • pigs are a common IH for Toxoplasma gondii - most often acquired horizontally
  • consume sporulated oocysts in feed or water contaminated w/ cat feces
  • consume tissue cysts in undercooked meat or rodents
  • pigs are a common source of human infection
26
Q

Life cycle of Balantidium coli in pigs?

A
  • large intestinal ciliated protozoan
  • trophozoites in gut
  • cysts in feces
27
Q

symptoms of Balantidium coli in pigs?

A
  • generally harmless in pigs, incidental finding on histopathology
  • rarely causes ulcers, D+
28
Q

symptoms of Balantidium coli in people?

A
  • can cause D+, nausea, vomiting, & anorexia
29
Q

Which genera produce trichostrongyle type eggs in pigs?

A

Hyostrongylus rubidus, Oesophagostomum spp.

30
Q

Which genus of helminths are displaying AHR?

A
  • Oesophagostomum spp. resistant to bezimidazoles
31
Q

Which ectoparasites are important in pigs?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei var suis, Haematopinus suis (sucking louse), Erystalis tenex (hover fly)

32
Q

What are the different types of coccidiosis in pigs?

A
  1. Eimeria spp. - harmless, generally in adult pigs
  2. Cystoisospora suis - pathogenic in piglets < 2 wk old (yellow-gray pasty D+ (often no blood), loss of condition, dehydration, high morbidity, low mortality)
33
Q

Which pig parasites are zoonotic?

A
  • Ascaris suum (to other animals)
  • Trichinella (eating undercooked meat, CFIA)
  • Trichuris suis (but natural transmission is rare & doesnt usually fully develop in people)
  • Taenia solium (CFIA)
  • Sarcoptes scabiei var suis (transient infection)
  • Toxoplasmosis (pigs are common source of infection for humans)
  • Balantidium coli
34
Q

Regulatory control of Trichinella?

A
  • CFIA maintains Canada’s disease-free status (surveillance, regulation, & testing)
  • prohibits feeding of meat products to pigs
  • tests all horses slaughtered in CFIA regulated abattoirs for export certification
  • REPORTABLE ANIMAL DISEASE

Parasitology II (9 decks)

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