Most relevant

Question 1

Most relevant info about Dictyocaulus viviparous (cattle lungworm)?

Answer 1

• adults live in lungs
• L1s can be seen in FRESH feces (Baermann), undergo translation in WET conditions, L3 ingested, L4 may arrest or undergo tracheal migration to lungs
• can be subclinical or cause cough, dyspnea, sawhorse stance in calves, high morbidity/mortality (HUSK)
• TREATMENT WITH ML AT MIDPOINT OF 1st GRAZING SEASON

Question 2

Most relevant info about Dictyocaulus filaria (sheep lungworm)?

Answer 2

• similar to D. viviparous, less pathogenic
• treat w/ ML at midpoint of 1st grazing season

Question 3

Most relevant info about Muellerius, Protostrongylus (small lungworms - sheep and goats)?

Answer 3

• adults in lung parenchyma, producing L1s - coughed/swallowed (BAERMANN)
• indirect lifecycle w/ terrestrial GASTROPODS AS IH
• lung lesions at necroscopy, rarely clinical

Question 4

Most relevant info about Stephanofilaria stilesi (dermal, cattle)?

Answer 4

• skin lesions (alopecia, scaling)
• IH: HORNFLY (L1>L2>L3)
• L3 develop into adults in HAIR FOLLICLES
• microfilaria (L1) in dermis

Question 5

Most relevant info about Setaria spp. (peritoneal cavity)?

Answer 5

• LITTLE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, found during c-section
• IH: HORNFLY or MOSTQUITO (L1>L2>L3)
• L3 deposited in bloodstream, adults in PERITONEAL CAVITY, microfilaria (L1)

Question 6

Most relevant info about Monezia & Thysanosoma?

Answer 6

• M: no rostellum or hooks, wider than long segment, twin reproductive organs
• T: No rostellum or hooks, segments w/ fringes
• T: intestines, bile & pancreatic ducts
• M: piramidal egg w/ hexacanth larvae
• M+T: Ingestion of free-living mites w/ cysticercoids as IH
• M+T: more pathogenic in sheep, esp in lambs (D+, weight loss)

Question 7

Most relevant info about Taenia ovis (ovine cysticerosis)?

Answer 7

• dogs ingest cysticerci in mucle, shed eggs in feces, which are ingested by sheep
• no clinical signs, at post-mortem cysticerci in skeletal muscle & heart = carcass condemnation (not a zoonosis)
• increasing in Western Canada
• no treatment for IH sheep, dogs: praziquantel 2x/year, prevent from eating carcass & accessing feed/pasture

Question 8

Most relevant info about Taenia saginata (bovine cysticercosis)?

Answer 8

• REPORTABLE DISEASE: inspectors, vets, labs immediately report to CFIA district vet, quarantine, enhanced inspection.
• common in beef eating countries other than Canada, predator-prey lifecycle (Human DH, Cattle IH), eggs immediately infective & resistant
• Tx of carrier people, prevent access to raw & undercooked meat in endemic regions, cook to safe internal temp
• no tx for IH (cattle), meat inspection, prevent livestock access to human feces

Question 9

Most relevant info about Fasciola hepatica?

Answer 9

• most important trematode of livestock (bile duct of mostly cattle & sheep), RARE IN WESTERN CANADA
• ZOONOTIC: eggs shed in DH feces, release miracidium, undergo MASSIVE ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN AQUATIC SNAIL (IH), CERCARIAE ENCYST IN VEGETATION (METACERCARIA), LONG SURVIVAL
• often asymptomatic
• ACUTE/SUBACUTE (SHEEP): anemia, hypoalbuminemia, sudden death, submandibular edema, ascites, due to migration of juvenile flukes in liver tissue (prepatent)
• CHRONIC (CATTLE): adult flukes in bile duct, reduced growth & fertility, progressive loss of condition
• MIGRATING FLUKES - CLOSTRIDIAL DISEASE
• Dx: FECAL SEDIMENTATION (FLUKE FINDER)
• F. hepatica in problem herds: tx of all exposed, vx for clostridial diseases

Question 10

Most relevant info about Fascioloides magna?

Answer 10

• RELATIVELY COMMON IN CERVIDS in Western Canada (deer, elk, caribou - DH), hard to control
• wildlife shed eggs in feces, released miracidium penetrate foot of snail, asexual reproduction produces cercariae that encysts on vegetation (metacercaria). can be ingested by wildlife or by livestock
• LIVESTOCK: NON-PATENT INFECTION: CAN BE FATAL IN SHEEP
• FLUKE MIGRATION CAN ACTIVATE CLOSTIDIA SPORES IN LIVER - BACILLARY HEMOGLOBINURIA (REDWATER DISEASE)
• F. hepatica in problem herds: tx of all exposed, vx for clostridial diseases

Question 11

Most relevant info about Dicrocelium dendriticum?

Answer 11

• zombie ant fluke
• incidental finding in bile ducts of cattle, sheep, deer, rabbits, gophers, people
• TERRESTRIAL CYCLE - TERRESTRIAL SNAIL (IH), ANT AS 2nd IH