Vector borne bacterial infection Flashcards
R. rickettsii
Dermacentor Andersoni (wood tick) Dermacentor veriabilis (dog tick)
NC, OK, AR, TN, MO
April to sept
Centripetal
Palms and toes
Normal WBC
R. akari
Mites
Rickettsialpox: eschar + rash
Biphasic
R. prowazekii
Body louse: Pediculus humanus
war/disaster/famine
Biphasic
Acute: Centrifugal rash
Recrudescent: flu-like, milder rash
R. parkeri
Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf coast tick)
American Boutonneuse fever/Tidewater spotted fever - southern US
R. typhi
Xenopsylla cheopsis (rat flea)
Endemic (murine) typhus
Orientia tsutsugamushi
mites - chiggers (larval)
Scrub typhus. Endemic. Asia Pacific.
Centrifugal
CNS, heart failure
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Lonestar ticks (Amblyomma americanum)
Morula - microcolony w/in vacuole of phagosome
monocytic
replicates in phagosome
grows on hematopoietic cells
flu-like sx first, then a week later rash spares hands and feet
south eastern, central, midwest
Anaplasma phagocyphilum
hard-shelled ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
North Eastern, Central, CA
granulocytic
replicates in phagosome
grows on hematopoietic cells
B. recurrentis
Louse
Biphasic
Epidemic relapsing fever
natural disasters/unsanitary conditions
Borrelia spp
soft-shelled tick
Biphasic
Endemic relapsing fever
nocturnal bite
B. burgdorferi
Ixodes scapularis and pacificus (hard-shelled ticks)
Northeast, MN, WI
Lyme disease
3 stages:
- localized. distinctive rash: Erythema migrans - Bull’s eye
- disseminated. multiple EM, facial nerve palsy, meningitis
- late. Arthritis - knees, carditis (Ceftriaxone)
Amoxicillin or cefuroxime for
Babesia
PROTOZOA
Ixodes scapularis and pacificus (hard-shelled ticks)
sporozoites in erythrocytes.
Maltese Cross appearance
co-infection w/ lyme.
multiplies in blood – clinical sx
Subclinical to life threatening:
- hemolytic anemia
- flu-like sx
- spleno- hepato- megaly, jaundice
- sever in immcomp
Tx. COMBINATION
- mild: alovaquone and azithro
- severe: clinda + quinine
Southern Tick-assoc Rash Illness (STARI)
lonestar tick (A. americanum)
in non-Lyme endemic areas
MI, MD, GA, SC, NC
Erythema migrans - bullseye
no neuro/cardiac/arthritic issues
Ixodes
Anaplasma phagocyphilum
B. burgdorferi
Babesia
Lone star
E. chaffeensis
STARI
