joints, skeletal muscle

Question 1

Pannus

Answer 1

• Exuberant inflamed synovium
• Chronic infl w/ T cells (CD4+), B cells, plasma cells, Macs
• Granulation tissue w/ hemosiderin
• Erodes articular cartilage and bone

Question 2

Rheumatoid factor

Answer 2

AutoAb against Fc portion or IgG

Question 3

Classic picture of RA

Answer 3

• Radial deviation of wrist
• Ulnar deviation of fingers
• flexion-hyperextension of fingers (swan neck; boutonniere)
• Synovial cysts - Baker cyst (back of knee)

Question 4

Rheumatoid nodules

Answer 4

Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by Macs

found in areas subject to pressure: ulnar aspect of forearm, elbows, occiput, lumbosacral

Question 5

Criteria for rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 5

• AM stiffness
• > 2 joints
• typical hand joint inv
• symmetric
• rheumatoid nodules
• serum RF
• Typical radiologic changes

Question 6

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Answer 6

ligamentous attachments

• immune mediated, no specific AutoAb
• HLA B27 positive
• RF negative

Question 7

Triad of Reiter syndrome

Answer 7

Arthritis
Urethritis/Cervicitis (nongonococcal)
Conjunctivitis

Question 8

risk factors for primary gout

Answer 8

> 30 yrs
genetic
heavy drinking
obesity
drugs eg thiazides
pb toxicity

Question 9

Myopathy

Answer 9

disorder of muscle

Question 10

muscular dystrophy

Answer 10

inherited disorder

progressive muscle weakness and wasting

Question 11

segmental muscle necrosis

Answer 11

destruction of a portion of the myocyte length

Question 12

muscle regeneration

Answer 12

satellite cells reconstitute destroyed muscle

Question 13

fiber hypertrophy

Answer 13

response to inc in load

Question 14

myotonia

Answer 14

tonic spasm of one or more muscles

also a condition characterized by such spasms

Question 15

hypotonia

Answer 15

deficient tone or tension

Question 16

arthrogryposis

Answer 16

fixation joints in an extended or flexed position

Question 17

creatine (phospho)kinase (CK;CPK)

Answer 17

Enzyme highly concentrated in muscle and brain

Question 18

Gower’s sign

Answer 18

indicates weakness of the proximal muscles

- use hands and arms to walk up from a squatting position

Question 19

Type 1 fiber

Answer 19

sustained
endurance, standing
red
oxidative
scant glycogen
abundant lipid
many mitochondria

Question 20

Type 2 fiber

Answer 20

sudden
short bursts, purposeful motion
white
oxidative and/or anaerobic 
abundant glycogen
scant lipid
few mitochondria

Question 21

fiber type grouping

Answer 21

neuron/axon drop out leads to larger motor units (muscle fibers per neuron)

Question 22

Grouped atrophy

Answer 22

loss of motor neuron leads to atrophy of associated muscle

Question 23

Denervation atrophy

Answer 23

disorder of motor neurons
breakdown of myosin and actin
resorption of myofibrils

Question 24

Exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia

Answer 24

thyrotoxic myopathy

protrusion of eyeballs
diplopia due to orbital edema and contracture of ocular muscles

Question 25

soft tissue tumors: benign > malignant or Benign

Answer 25

benign outnumbers malignant

Question 26

most common cause of soft tissue tumor is

Answer 26

unknown

Question 27

Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor

Answer 27

t(11;22)

EWS-FLI1 fusion

Question 28

Liposarcoma-myxoid and round cell type

Answer 28

t(12;16)

FUS-DDIT3 fusion

Question 29

Synovial sarcoma

Answer 29

t(X;18)

SS18-SSX fusion gene

Question 30

Rhabdomyosarcoma-alveolar type

Answer 30

t(2;13)

PAX3-FOX01 fusion

Question 31

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma

Answer 31

t(9;22)

EWS-CHN fusion

Question 32

Prognosis: soft tissue tumor

Stage

Answer 32

location and size

superficial vs deep
size
metastasis
etc

Question 33

Prognosis: soft tissue tumor

Grade

Answer 33

Cell pleomorphism
Necrosis
Mitotic rate