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Pharmacology > Vasoactive Drugs > Flashcards

Vasoactive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How is nitric oxide formed?

A

metabolization of nitrates

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2
Q

What is the effect of NO?

A

increases cGMP in vascular smooth muscle–> myosin light chain dephosphorylation –> preventing interaction with actin ( decrease contraction)

increased vasodilation and venous capacitance

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3
Q

What are the ways of taking nitrates ?

A

sublingually -short acting

orally - long acting

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4
Q

What are the two oral nitrate drugs?

A

isosorbide denigrate

isosorbide mononitrate

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5
Q

What are the uses for nitrates

A

Prinzemetal angina
stable or unstable angina
HTN emergency
to decrease pulmonary edema

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6
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates?

A 
avoid in right sided MI 
orthostatic hypotension --> reflex tachycardia 
throbbing headaches 
cutaneous flushing 
increase met hemoglobin 
Monday disesease
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7
Q

When are nitrates contraindicated?

A

pts onPDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil)

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

Triptans

A

treat acute migraines
activates 5HT 1b &1d
increases vasoconstriction of cerebral & meningeal vessels
decreases trigeminal release of vasoactive peptides
activate brainstem to decrease pain

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9
Q

What are the side effects go triptans?

A

coronary vasospasm

contraindicated in angina & prinzemetal

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10
Q

What other medications can be given for acute migraines ?

A

NSAIDs

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11
Q

What drugs can be given for prophylaxis of migraines?

A 
Calcium channel blockers
beta blockers
valproic acid 
topiramate
tricyclic antidepressants
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12
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE1
tx: erectile dysfunction
maintains patent ductus arteriosus

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13
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1
promotes protective mucus secretion in gastric mucosa
promotes uterine contraction

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14
Q

What are the side effects of misoprostol?

A

Diarrhea

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15
Q

Dinoprostone

A

PGE2
increase uterus contraction
softening of the cervix

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16
Q

Carboprost

A

PGF2 alpha
increase uterine contraction
decrease postpartum hemorrhage by increased tone

17
Q

Latanoprost & Travoprost

A

PGF2 alpha
long acting
tx: glaucoma by increasing aqueous humour flow

18
Q

What are the side effects of latanoprost & travoprost ?

A

iris pigmentation by increased melanin in storm

affects green brown eyes

19
Q

What are the treatments for pulmonary hypertension>

A

Prostacyclin analogs
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
endothelia inhibitors

20
Q

Iloprost Epoprostenol

A

prostacyclin analogs

increase vasodilation

21
Q

What are the side effects of prostacyclin?

A

flushing , headache, hypotension

22
Q

Sildenafil & tadafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

increase cGMP –> dephosphorylation of myosin light chain –> smooth muscle relaxation

23
Q

Bosentan

A

increase vasodilation

24
Q

What is the side effects of bosentan ?

A

fatal hepatotoxicity & require monthly check

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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