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Pharmacology > Allergy & pulmonary > Flashcards

Allergy & pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Where are H1 receptors located?

A

endothelial cells, bronchial airways, brain

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2
Q

What are the G coupled proteins of H1 & H2?

A

H1 - Gq mediated

H2- Gs mediated

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3
Q

Where does H2 receptors cause an effect?

A

increase gastric secretion

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4
Q

What are the effects seen with H1 activation?

A

increased nasal & bronchial mucus
increased vascular permeability
contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
neurotransmitter

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5
Q

What are the indications of antihistamines?

A

allergy
vestibular nausea or motion sickness
extrapyramidal by antipsychotics

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6
Q

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

A

increased drowsiness
antimuscarinic –> increased atropine side effects
block 5HT–> increased appetite and weight gain
blocks alpha 1–> dizziness & hypotension
cognitive impairment in elderly

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7
Q

What are the H1 receptor drugs?

A

Diphenhydramone & dimenhydrinate
chlorphenitamine
hydroxyZINE, mecliZINE, promethaZINE

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8
Q

What are the second generation antihistamines ?

A

fexofenadine
cetrizidine
laratidine

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9
Q

What are the benefits of 2nd generation antihistamines?

A

decreased side effects

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10
Q

what are the drugs given for acute asthma?

A

beta 2 agonist -“ROL” ( albuterol)
terbutaline
corticosteroids to decrease inflammation

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11
Q

What is the metabolism of Arachadonic acid AA

A

AA–> COX pathway or Lipooxygenase pathway

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12
Q

LOX pathway

A

increase LTB4, LTC4 LTD4, LTE4
regulators of inflammation
LTB4= chemoattractant –> increase neutrophils
C4 & D4= increase vascular permeability, mucus production, bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

What is the function of montelukast and zafirlukast?

A

decrease binding of LTD4 & C4 to CysLT1 receptor –> decreased bronchoconstriction

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14
Q

Zileuton

A

inhibitor of lipooxygenase –> decrease pathway events

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15
Q

What is the side effect of zileuton?

A

hepatotoxicity

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16
Q

What is the side effect of corticosteroids?

A

esophageal candida

17
Q

What is the interaction of aspirin and asthma ?

A

aspirin inhibits the COX pathway which then sends all the AA into the LOX pathway –> increased leukotrienes

18
Q

Salmeterol & formoterol

A

long acting beta 2 agnostic
given for moderate persistent asthma
given with corticosteroids

19
Q

Theophylline
caffeine
methylxanthine

A

increase cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase
increase air flow
administered orally

20
Q

What is a side effect of methylxanthine?

A

CN effects

metabolized by p450

21
Q

Omalizumab

A

monoclonal antibody directed at Fc portion of IgE preventing attachment to mast cells –> decreased degranulation

22
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

decrease mast cell degranulation

23
Q

What is given for acute severe asthma attacks?

A

beta 2 agonist
corticosteroids ( given IV)
ipratropium
epinephrine

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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