Vasculitis Flashcards
what is the inflammatory destruction of blood vessels; arteritis ( arteries ) , phlebitis ( veins) ; classified by affected organs and vessels; can be primary or secondary
vasculitis
what is the MOA of vasculitis
leukocyte migration
palpable purpura is what
raised inflammation of blood vessels ( superficial vessels )
how many diff forms of vasculitis are there
over 20
what are some symptoms of vasculitis
fever, weight loss, HA, myalgia, arthralgia, ab pain, nose bleeds, palpable purpura, bloody cough, bloody stool, reduced VA * and acute visual loss *
what are some complications with vasculitis
stroke( ischemic or hemorrhagic) , MI, HTN, glomerulonephritis, gangrene
how can we dx vasculitis
ANCA ( ab directed at cytoplasm of neutrophils), Sed Rate ( ESR), C reactive protein , CBC with differential ( tells specifics ), biopsy, angiography
what is tx of vasculitis aimed at
reducing inflammation ; NSAIDS/ Steroids , immunosuppressions
what is the most common vasculitis; involves large and medium blood vessels ( ophthalmic artery and posterior ciliary artery) > ischemic optic neuropathy
giant cell arteritis aka temporal arteritis
this disorder is more common in females ; ESR and CRP has 97 % specificity; mean age of onset is >55 ; has symptoms of scalp tenderness , jaw claudication, Amaurosis fugax, and polymyalgia rheumatic, more likely to occur in whites
giant cell arteritis
giant cells arise from_______
multiple macrophages
giant cells are often assoc. with ______
granulomas
this is a small and medium blood vessel disease ; mainly in the respiratory tract, kidneys, and joints
granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( GPA)
the onset of this disease takes place between ages 40-65; more common in whites; flu like symptoms, ANCA- associ 90%;fatal if untreated within 2 years ( 80% survive with tx) ; some people can develop a saddle bridge nose due to breakdown of cartilage
GPA ( granulamotosis with polyangiitis
what are some ocular manifestations of GPA
scleritis and pseudotumor ( diplopia and reduced VA) are the most important
this disorder involves medium and small arteries ; rare; more common in men ; flu like symptoms initially
polyarteritis nodosa
complications of this disorder include renal failure, GI tract infarct, MI, and peripheral neuropathy; ANCA negative and fatal if untreated
polyarteritis nodosa
What are some ocular manifestations of PAN
Scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, nongranulomatous uveitis, retinal vasculitis, pseudotumor of the orbit, CRAO
this type of disorder of vasculitis ( autoimmune ) has a preference for veins ; you get mouth sores, genital sores, skin sores, pain , swelling, stiffness, eye involvement, and CNS HAs, strokes, etc
Behcets Disease
this disorder mainly affects middle eastern, Turkish, and Asian populations ; 20-40 YOs and Males> females ; rare but 20% mortality; tx is immunosupression
Behcet’s Disease
what are some ocular findings with Behcets
inflammation inside the eye ( uveitis, iritis, retinitis, Vitritis ); blurry vision, pain, and redness, recurrent common
what are two tests to confirm Behcets
HLA B51 and Behcetine pathergy test
what is the ocular triad of Behcets
iritis with hypopyon, mouth sores, and genital sores
