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Medical Pathology > mental disorders > Flashcards

mental disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

this affects 1 in 4 adults in their lifetimes; difficult to Dx and treat ; Dxd by recognizing patterns and symptoms

A

mental disorders

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2
Q

what are some clinically sig. behavioral probs of mental disorders

A

distress, disability, and deviance

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3
Q

this was published by the american psychiatric assoc ( 300 types of mental health conditions); lists symptoms and criteria required for a Dx

A

diagnostic and statistical manual

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4
Q

what are some general symptoms of mental disorders

A

confused thinking, long lasting sadness or irritability, extremely high and low moods, excessive fear, worry , or anxiety, social withdrawal, dramatic changes in eating or sleeping habits

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5
Q

these are sig. prolonged changes in mood

A

mood disorders

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6
Q

what are some diff types of mood disorders

A

major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder

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7
Q

causes of this disorder include monoamine dysfunction ( NE, Dopamine, and serotonin ) and neurotransmitter receptor dysfunction

A

mood disorder

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8
Q

what decrease the rate of enzymatic degradation

A

MAO inhibitors

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9
Q

this type of mood disorder is intense sadness and/or diminished interest in usual activities ( single or recurrent episodes - severe cases can be psychotic or suicidal)

A

major depressive disorder

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10
Q

this mood disorder affects 14.8 million peeps > 18 YO; median age is 32; women more common ; leading cause of disability in the US for ages 15-44

A

major depressive disorder

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11
Q

what is the DSM criteria for depression

A
  1. more than 4 of these symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks ( sig. weight or appetite change, insomnia, suicidal thoughts, etc)
  2. responds well to Tx ( meds, cognitive behavior therapy, and exercise)
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12
Q

this type of disorder deals with severe mood swings ( overly high or irritable to sad , manic depressive illness, sever changes in energy and behavior , periods of normal mood swing between swings)

A

bipolar disorder

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13
Q

this mood disorder affects 5.7 million adults > 18 YOA; 2.6% annual prevalence, median age is 25 YOA; men = women; fam Hx is a risk factor

A

bipolar disorder

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14
Q

Tx of this disorder includes cognitive behavior therapy, meds ( mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants), electroconvulsive therapy, and hospitalization

A

bipolar disorder

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15
Q

what is the DSM for manic epidose

A

persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood ; greater than 3 symptoms for more than a 1 week such as inflated self eseem, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual

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16
Q

these are a group of disorders( diffuse, vague feelings of fear and apprehension); 40 mill adults >18YO; 75% have their first episode by age 21.5;

A

anxiety disorders

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17
Q

what are some common co morbities of anxiety disorders

A

depressive disorders and substance abuse

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18
Q

what are the diff types of anxiety disorders

A

generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, and phobias

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19
Q

this is excessive worry about everyday probs for > 6 mos; women 2x more than men; mean age is 33 YO

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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20
Q

in this disorder people have controlling their constant worries; awareness that they worry too much ; inability to relax; difficulty concentrating; easily startled; difficulty falling or staying asleep; persistent irritability

A

generalize anxiety disorder

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21
Q

symptoms of this disorder include prolonged fatigue, HA, unexplained pains, difficulty swallowing, trembling, hyperhidrosis, light headedness, shortness of breath

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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22
Q

Tx for this disorder includes meds and Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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23
Q

in this disorder you get unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear ( sense of impending doom, individuals alter behavior to avoid triggers, can occur at any time)

A

panic disorder

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24
Q

this disorder can affect 6 mill people > 18 YOA; women 2x more common; median age is 24; 1 in 3 people have agoraphobia ; depression and substance abuse common

A

panic disorder

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25
Q

what are some physical symtpoms of panic disorder

A

chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, ab distress; Tx is meds and CBT

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26
Q

this disorder is recurrent, unwanted thoughts and or repetitive behaviors ( heightened activity in caudate nucleus ; repetitive behaviors done to end obsessive thoughts)

A

OCD

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27
Q

this disorder affects 2.2 mill adults ; 1.0% prevalence; mean onset is 19; women= men; earlier onset assoc with genetic predisposition

A

OCD

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28
Q

what part of OCD are recurrent thoughts, images, impulses, that cause anxiety; illogical and repulsive and center on violence or harm

A

obsessions

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29
Q

what part of OCD are behaviors that are repetitive ; attempts at reducing the anxiety created by the obsessions

A

OCD

30
Q

what are some common obsessions of OCD

A

fear of contamination, fear of harm, fear of losing control, perfectionism, superstitions

31
Q

what are some common compulsions of OCD

A

hand washing, checking, counting, repeating behaviors

32
Q

what is the Tx for OCD

A

CBT and Meds

33
Q

this disorder develops after grave physical harm occurs or is threatened ( violent personal assaults, natural or human causes disasters, accidents, or military combat)

A

PTSD

34
Q

this disorder has a 3.5% annual prevalence; median age is 23 YOA; 19% of vitenam vets experienced this at some pt after the war

A

PTSD

35
Q

some symptoms of this disorder include : painful memories, nightmares, suspicion, anxiety, depression, feelings of guilt . sleep difficulties, emotional detachment, substance abuse *

A

PTSD

36
Q

Tx of this disorder includes Meds and CBT

A

PTSD

37
Q

this is aka split mind; not due to a primary mood disorder or medical condition; separated from reality

A

schizophrenia

38
Q

onset of this disorder usually occurs around 16-30; affects 1%; men = women , 10-15% commit suicide; Tx includes antipsychotics and supportive therapy

A

schizophrenia

39
Q

what are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders ( neologisms - made up words) , movement disorders

40
Q

what are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

flat affect; lack of pleasure in everyday life; lack of ability to begin and sustain planned activities; speaking little

41
Q

what are some cognititve symptoms

A

poor executive functioning; trouble focusing or paying attention; probs with working memory

42
Q

this disorder is widely unstable moods, behavior, and relationships; onset is late teens, early 20s; women = men ; 9% commit suidice; family Hx increases risk

A

borderline personality disorder

43
Q

Tx of this disorder includes Meds, psychotherapy, and hospitalization; complications include psychiatric co-morbidities

A

borderline personality disorder

44
Q

what are the stipulating conditions for borderline personality disorder

A

have to have > of extreme reactions to abandonment, real, or perceived ; pattern of intense and stormy relationships, etc

45
Q

how do we Dx mental illness in the clinic

A

does the pt make you laugh ( theyre manic); make you confused ( they are schizo); make you sad ( they are depressed); make you annoyed or intruded ( they are getting into personality disorder territory )

46
Q

What is LEAP

A

listen, empathize, agree, partner

47
Q

This is the #10 cause of death ; males more common; NA>CW.AP>AA>H

A

suicide

48
Q

what are some high risk illnesses for suicide

A

schizophrenia, substance abuse, major depression

49
Q

what are some non violent attempts at suicide

A

poisoning

50
Q

what are some violent attempts at suicide

A

firearms, suffocation

51
Q

T or F: Never leave a suicidal individual alone

A

T

52
Q

what are some major risk factors for suicide

A

depression*; substance abuse disorders ; prior suicide attempt; firearms in the house; incarceration; family Hx of mental disorder, substance abuse; family violence

53
Q

what is the most common form of child abuse

A

neglect

54
Q

these are abuses of the elderly that are more likely to occur in the home

A

elder and disabled abuse

55
Q

what are some types of elderly abuse

A

financial exploitation; neglect or abandonment *; emotional abuse; sexual abuse; physical abuse

56
Q

what are some warning signs of elder abuse

A

discrepancies standard of living and financial assets; sudden, unexplained changes in living arrangementsl physical injuries; malnourishment; medical needs not attended to ; withdrawn, apathetic, fearful,or anxious behavior

57
Q

this type of abuse has 6 million cases annually; 79 % of cases are

A

Child abuse

58
Q

what are some risk factors for child abuse

A

domestic violence; alcohol and drug abuse; untreated mental illness; low SES. etc

59
Q

what are som complications of child abuse

A

relationship difficulties, brain damage, mental illness, etc

60
Q

what are some warning signs of neglect in children

A

clothes are ill fitting , filthy, or inappropriate; hygiene is badl untreated illnesses and physical injuries; is frequently unsupervised or left alone; left os missing school

61
Q

what are warning signs of sexual abuse in children

A

trouble walking or sitting; displays knowledge or interest in sexual acts; makes strong efforts to avoid a specific person; doesn’t want to change clothes in front of others ; an STD or pregnancy runs away from home

62
Q

what are some warning signs of emotional abuse in children

A

withdrawn, fearful, or anxious about doing something wrong; shows extremes in behavior; doesn’t seem to be attracted to the parent or caregiver; acts either inappropriately adult of infantile

63
Q

what are some warning signs of physical abuse in children

A

frequent and/or unexplained bruises, welts, or cuts; injuries appear to have a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt; always on alert; shies away from touch , flinches at sudden movements ; wears inappropriate clothing

64
Q

this is willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault , and/or other abusive behavior perpetrated by an intimate partner against another

A

intimate partner abuse

65
Q

T or F: 60% of domestic violence happens at home

A

T

66
Q

what is the lifetime prevalence of domestic violence for women

A

25%

67
Q

what is the age group for the highest risk of nonfatal intimate partner violence

A

20-24 YO

68
Q

what % of women are rapists of their intimate partners

A

50%

69
Q

what are the diff types of abuse

A

physical , sexual, emotional, verbal, economic

70
Q

what are some risk factors for abuse

A

mental illness, low SES, personal or family Hx of abuse, pregnancuy,

71
Q

what are some warning signs intimate partner abuse

A

public and private demeaning actions; constant signs of injury; frightened behavior when with the oppo. sex; afraid to go home; reports of injuries by batterer

Medical Pathology (11 decks)

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