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anatomy II > Vasculature of the Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Vasculature of the Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

The abdominal aorta begins at T___

A

12

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2
Q

The aorta enters the abdomen through the

A

aortic hiatus

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3
Q

Is the abdominal aorta retroperitoneal

A

yes

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4
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates at

A

L4

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5
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the ___ and ___ at L4

A

left and right common iliac arteries

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6
Q

The IVC is to the ____ of the aorta

A

right

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7
Q

The left renal vein crosses ____ to the aorta

A

anterior

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8
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral bodies are ___ to the aorta

A

posterior

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9
Q

The thoracic ducts with the cisterna chyli is usually to the ___ of the abdominal aorta

A

right

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10
Q

The root of the mesentery is _____ to the abdominal aorta

A

anterior

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11
Q

What are the paired branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  • inferior phrenic arteries
  • subcostal and lumbar arteries
  • (middle) suprarenal arteries
  • renal arteries (L2)
  • Gonadal arteries (testicular/ovarian)
  • common iliac arteries
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12
Q

unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • Celiac artery (T12, L1)
  • Superior mesenteric Artery (L1)
  • Inferior mesenteric artery (L3)
  • Median (middle) sacral artery (L4)
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13
Q

level of celiac artery (trunk)

A

T12, L1

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14
Q

Level of superior mesenteric artery

A

L1

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15
Q

Level of inferior mesenteric artery

A

L3

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16
Q

Level of median (middle) sacral artery

A

L4

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17
Q

The celiac trunk branches from the aorta immediately below

A

aortic hiatus

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18
Q

The celiac trunk is surrounded by ____ and ___

A

Celiac plexus and ganglia

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19
Q

What are the 3 major branches off the celiac trunk

A
  • left gastric artery (superior)
  • common hepatic (right)
  • splenic (left)
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20
Q

The left gastric artery has _____ branches and branches to ____

A

esophageal branches and branches to lesser curvature that will anastomose with branches of the right gastric along the lesser curvature

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21
Q

The common hepatic artery branches into what 2 arteries

A
  • Proper hepatic artery

- Gastroduodenal artery

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22
Q

The proper hepatic artery

A

the right gastric artery anastomoses with left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach. ends as right and left hepatic arteries. Cystic artery is usually a branch of the right hepatic artery

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23
Q

The cystic artery is usually a branch of the _____

A

right hepatic artery

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24
Q

The gastroduodenal artery

A

may give off a supra duodenal artery. The rest of the gastroduodenal artery runs posterior to the duodenum. The terminal branches are the right gastro-omental artery and superior pancreaticoduodenal branches

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25
Q

The splenic artery runs

A

posterior to the stomach, superior to the pancreas

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26
Q

Characteristics of the splenic artery

A
  • is from the celiac trunk
  • it runs posterior to the stomach, super to the pancreas
  • is very tortuous
  • it ends as several splenic arteries (branches that do not anastomose)
  • branches = short gastric artery - to upper part of the greater curvature. Left gastro-omental artery anastomoses with the right gastro-omental on the greater curvature of the stomach
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27
Q

Contents of the Hepatoduodenal ligament

A
  • Hepatic artery
  • Portal vein
  • bile duct
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28
Q

brings deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from GI tract to the liver

A

Portal vein

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29
Q

Supplies oxygenated blood (a branch of the common hepatic artery) to the liver

A

hepatic artery

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30
Q

The hepatic artery further divides into ____ and ____ hepatic arteries

A

left and right

31
Q

The right and left hepatic veins drain into right and left sides of ___

A

IVC

32
Q

Hepatic veins do not follow the branching patterns of

A

portal veins, hepatic ducts and hepatic artery

33
Q

The superior mesenteric artery is ___ cm inferior to celiac trunk

A

1cm

34
Q

The superior mesenteric artery emerges from aorta posterior to the ______

A

neck of the pancreas

35
Q

The pancreas receives branches from both the ____ and ____

A

celiac and superior mesenteric arteries

36
Q

The celiac blood supply to the pancreas is via the ____ which is a branch of the ____-

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, gastroduodenal

37
Q

The superior mesenteric blood supply to the pancreas is via the

A

first branch of the superior mesenteric artery is an inferior pancreaticoduodenal

38
Q

The branches form the superior mesenteric artery meet the branches from the ____, forming anastomosing arcades on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the head of the pancreas

A

gastroduodenal

39
Q

branches of superior mesenteric artery to the small intestine

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • jejunal arteries (long vasa recta, simple arcades)
  • ileal arteries (complex arcades, short vasa recta)
40
Q

branches of superior mesenteric artery to large intestine

A
  • ileocolic artery
  • right colic artery
  • middle colic artery
41
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies derivatives of ____-

A

hindgut

42
Q

branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • left colic artery (ascending branch and descending branch)
  • Sigmoid arteries
  • superior rectal artery
43
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein overlap between

A
  • superior rectal veins
  • middle rectal veins
  • Inferior rectal veins
44
Q

The superior rectal veins drain to

A

inferior mesenteric veins

45
Q

Middle rectal veins drain to

A

internal iliac veins

46
Q

Inferior rectal veins drain to

A

external pudendal veins

47
Q

The hepatic portal system begins as ____ in the digestive system ( and ends as _____ in the liver)

A

capillaries, capillaries

48
Q

The hepatic portal system is ___ poor and ____ rich, and drains blood from the _____ to the ____

A

O2 poor and nutrient rich, esophagus to the upper anal canal

49
Q

the portal vein is about ___ inches long and ___-

A

2 inches long and valveless

50
Q

The portal vein is formed by

A
  • splenic vein
  • superior mesenteric vein
  • inferior mesenteric vein
51
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein enters either the ____ or _____

A

superior mesenteric or splenic veins

52
Q

The hepatic portal system forms posterior to the

A

neck of the pancreas

53
Q

The hepatic portal system ends as

A

right and left branches in the liver

54
Q

The hepatic portal system runs through ____ to enter the liver at the ____

A

the hepatoduodenal ligament to enter the liver at the porta hepatis

55
Q

Superior mesenteric vein

A
  • intestinal v.v. (ileal and jejunal vv.)
  • ileocolic v. (cecal and appendicular vv.)
  • right colic v.
  • middle colic v.
56
Q

Superior veins of the stomach and esophagus drain into the

A

azygous system

57
Q

Inferior veins of the stomach and esophagus drain into the

A

portal system

58
Q

common iliac veins join to form IVC at ____

A

L5

59
Q

The formation of the IVC is ___ and ___ to the aortic bifurcation

A

posterior and inferior

60
Q

The IVC lies to the ___ and parallel to the aorta-

A

right

61
Q

The IVC lies to ___ of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

A

right

62
Q

The IVC passes through the

A

liver

63
Q

The IVC pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at ___

A

T8

64
Q

The IVC drain the

A

posterior body wall (posterior body wall muscles, genitourinary system, and lower limbs)

65
Q

What are the main tributaries of the IVC

A
  • common iliac
  • lumbar (segmental) veins
  • renal veins
  • hepatic veins
66
Q

IVC tributaries

A
  • right and left common iliac veins
  • middle (median) sacral vein
  • lumbar veins (paired, segmental)
  • right and left renal veins
  • right gonadal veins
  • right suprarenal veins
  • hepatic veins
  • inferior phrenic veins
  • (note: left suprarenal and gonadal veins enter left renal vein instead of IVC)
67
Q

Veins from the gastrointestinal tract normally drain into the ____ either directly or indirectly

A

portal vein

68
Q

Veins from posterior structures, such as kidneys, normally drain into the ______

A

inferior vena cava

69
Q

Connections between the portal venous system and the inferior vena cava system

A

Portal-caval anastomoses

70
Q

the back-up of blood in the canal system causes ____ which are at risk for hemorrhage

A

varicosities

71
Q

What are the 4 main ways for blood to bypass the liver

A
  • Esophageal branches of left gastric vein connect with veins on lower thoracic esophagus
  • Paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament with subcutaneous veins around umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall
  • colic veins to retroperitoneal veins
  • between superior rectal veins and middle and inferior rectal veins
72
Q

veins draining the ascending colon (superior mesenteric vein) and descending colon (inferior mesenteric vein) connect with ___

A

retroperitoneal veins that drain the posterior body wall (Veins of Retzius) (lumbar)

73
Q

The veins of Retzius drain into ____ veins which in turn drain into the inferior vena cava

A

lumbar veins

anatomy II (7 decks)

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