Vasculature of the Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
The abdominal aorta begins at T___
12
The aorta enters the abdomen through the
aortic hiatus
Is the abdominal aorta retroperitoneal
yes
The abdominal aorta bifurcates at
L4
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the ___ and ___ at L4
left and right common iliac arteries
The IVC is to the ____ of the aorta
right
The left renal vein crosses ____ to the aorta
anterior
The anterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral bodies are ___ to the aorta
posterior
The thoracic ducts with the cisterna chyli is usually to the ___ of the abdominal aorta
right
The root of the mesentery is _____ to the abdominal aorta
anterior
What are the paired branches of the abdominal aorta
- inferior phrenic arteries
- subcostal and lumbar arteries
- (middle) suprarenal arteries
- renal arteries (L2)
- Gonadal arteries (testicular/ovarian)
- common iliac arteries
unpaired branches of abdominal aorta
- Celiac artery (T12, L1)
- Superior mesenteric Artery (L1)
- Inferior mesenteric artery (L3)
- Median (middle) sacral artery (L4)
level of celiac artery (trunk)
T12, L1
Level of superior mesenteric artery
L1
Level of inferior mesenteric artery
L3
Level of median (middle) sacral artery
L4
The celiac trunk branches from the aorta immediately below
aortic hiatus
The celiac trunk is surrounded by ____ and ___
Celiac plexus and ganglia
What are the 3 major branches off the celiac trunk
- left gastric artery (superior)
- common hepatic (right)
- splenic (left)
The left gastric artery has _____ branches and branches to ____
esophageal branches and branches to lesser curvature that will anastomose with branches of the right gastric along the lesser curvature
The common hepatic artery branches into what 2 arteries
- Proper hepatic artery
- Gastroduodenal artery
The proper hepatic artery
the right gastric artery anastomoses with left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach. ends as right and left hepatic arteries. Cystic artery is usually a branch of the right hepatic artery
The cystic artery is usually a branch of the _____
right hepatic artery
The gastroduodenal artery
may give off a supra duodenal artery. The rest of the gastroduodenal artery runs posterior to the duodenum. The terminal branches are the right gastro-omental artery and superior pancreaticoduodenal branches
The splenic artery runs
posterior to the stomach, superior to the pancreas
Characteristics of the splenic artery
- is from the celiac trunk
- it runs posterior to the stomach, super to the pancreas
- is very tortuous
- it ends as several splenic arteries (branches that do not anastomose)
- branches = short gastric artery - to upper part of the greater curvature. Left gastro-omental artery anastomoses with the right gastro-omental on the greater curvature of the stomach
Contents of the Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Hepatic artery
- Portal vein
- bile duct
brings deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from GI tract to the liver
Portal vein
Supplies oxygenated blood (a branch of the common hepatic artery) to the liver
hepatic artery
The hepatic artery further divides into ____ and ____ hepatic arteries
left and right
The right and left hepatic veins drain into right and left sides of ___
IVC
Hepatic veins do not follow the branching patterns of
portal veins, hepatic ducts and hepatic artery
The superior mesenteric artery is ___ cm inferior to celiac trunk
1cm
The superior mesenteric artery emerges from aorta posterior to the ______
neck of the pancreas
The pancreas receives branches from both the ____ and ____
celiac and superior mesenteric arteries
The celiac blood supply to the pancreas is via the ____ which is a branch of the ____-
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, gastroduodenal
The superior mesenteric blood supply to the pancreas is via the
first branch of the superior mesenteric artery is an inferior pancreaticoduodenal
The branches form the superior mesenteric artery meet the branches from the ____, forming anastomosing arcades on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the head of the pancreas
gastroduodenal
branches of superior mesenteric artery to the small intestine
- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- jejunal arteries (long vasa recta, simple arcades)
- ileal arteries (complex arcades, short vasa recta)
branches of superior mesenteric artery to large intestine
- ileocolic artery
- right colic artery
- middle colic artery
The inferior mesenteric artery supplies derivatives of ____-
hindgut
branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
- left colic artery (ascending branch and descending branch)
- Sigmoid arteries
- superior rectal artery
The inferior mesenteric vein overlap between
- superior rectal veins
- middle rectal veins
- Inferior rectal veins
The superior rectal veins drain to
inferior mesenteric veins
Middle rectal veins drain to
internal iliac veins
Inferior rectal veins drain to
external pudendal veins
The hepatic portal system begins as ____ in the digestive system ( and ends as _____ in the liver)
capillaries, capillaries
The hepatic portal system is ___ poor and ____ rich, and drains blood from the _____ to the ____
O2 poor and nutrient rich, esophagus to the upper anal canal
the portal vein is about ___ inches long and ___-
2 inches long and valveless
The portal vein is formed by
- splenic vein
- superior mesenteric vein
- inferior mesenteric vein
The inferior mesenteric vein enters either the ____ or _____
superior mesenteric or splenic veins
The hepatic portal system forms posterior to the
neck of the pancreas
The hepatic portal system ends as
right and left branches in the liver
The hepatic portal system runs through ____ to enter the liver at the ____
the hepatoduodenal ligament to enter the liver at the porta hepatis
Superior mesenteric vein
- intestinal v.v. (ileal and jejunal vv.)
- ileocolic v. (cecal and appendicular vv.)
- right colic v.
- middle colic v.
Superior veins of the stomach and esophagus drain into the
azygous system
Inferior veins of the stomach and esophagus drain into the
portal system
common iliac veins join to form IVC at ____
L5
The formation of the IVC is ___ and ___ to the aortic bifurcation
posterior and inferior
The IVC lies to the ___ and parallel to the aorta-
right
The IVC lies to ___ of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
right
The IVC passes through the
liver
The IVC pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at ___
T8
The IVC drain the
posterior body wall (posterior body wall muscles, genitourinary system, and lower limbs)
What are the main tributaries of the IVC
- common iliac
- lumbar (segmental) veins
- renal veins
- hepatic veins
IVC tributaries
- right and left common iliac veins
- middle (median) sacral vein
- lumbar veins (paired, segmental)
- right and left renal veins
- right gonadal veins
- right suprarenal veins
- hepatic veins
- inferior phrenic veins
- (note: left suprarenal and gonadal veins enter left renal vein instead of IVC)
Veins from the gastrointestinal tract normally drain into the ____ either directly or indirectly
portal vein
Veins from posterior structures, such as kidneys, normally drain into the ______
inferior vena cava
Connections between the portal venous system and the inferior vena cava system
Portal-caval anastomoses
the back-up of blood in the canal system causes ____ which are at risk for hemorrhage
varicosities
What are the 4 main ways for blood to bypass the liver
- Esophageal branches of left gastric vein connect with veins on lower thoracic esophagus
- Paraumbilical veins in the falciform ligament with subcutaneous veins around umbilicus in the anterior abdominal wall
- colic veins to retroperitoneal veins
- between superior rectal veins and middle and inferior rectal veins
veins draining the ascending colon (superior mesenteric vein) and descending colon (inferior mesenteric vein) connect with ___
retroperitoneal veins that drain the posterior body wall (Veins of Retzius) (lumbar)
The veins of Retzius drain into ____ veins which in turn drain into the inferior vena cava
lumbar veins
