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anatomy II > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Derivatives of Foregut (celiac trunk)

A

Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas

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2
Q

Derivatives of Midgut (superior mesenteric artery)

A
  • Duodenum (also part of foregut), jejunum, ileum, cecum and appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 of transverse colon
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3
Q

Derivatives of Hindgut (inferior mesenteric artery)

A

1/3 transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

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4
Q

The thoracic esophagus pierces the diaphragm at ____

A

T10 (this is known as the esophageal hiatus)

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5
Q

Where is the esophageal hiatus located

A

T10 (this is where thoracic esophagus pierces the diaphragm)

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6
Q

The esophagus is slightly ____ of midline

A

left

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7
Q

The esophagus is slightly left of midline and then turns sharply ____ to enter the stomach at the _____

A

left to enter the stomach at the cardiac orifice

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8
Q

The cardiac orifice is located at about T____

A

T11

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9
Q

The abdominal esophagus is about ____ cm

A

2.5cm

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10
Q

The esophageal sphincter is physiologic, and not

A

well defined anatomically

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11
Q

IVC passes through the diaphragm at ____

A

T8

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12
Q

The Aorta passes through the diaphragm at

A

T12

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13
Q

openings in the diaphragm are called ____

A

hiatuses

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14
Q

What is a sliding hiatus hernia

A
  • esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens

- Abdominal esophagus and parts of the stomach (cardia and sometimes fundus) herniate into the thorax

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15
Q

Paraesophageal hiatel hernia

A
  • a defect in diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus

- permits funds of stomach to herniate (not usually the esophagus)

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16
Q

Left end of stomach is fixed at

A

T10-T11

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17
Q

Right end of stomach is fixed at

A

L1-L2

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18
Q

The stomach is located in the

A

left hypochondriac and epigastric regions

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19
Q

Parts of stomach

A
  • fundus
  • cardiac part, cardiac orifice
  • body
  • pylorus
  • pyloric antrum
  • rugae
  • pylorus (pyloric sphincter)
  • Pyloric orifice
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20
Q

The pyloric antrum is the entrance to the

A

pyloris

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21
Q

What is the entrance to the duodenum

A

pyloric orifice

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22
Q

Posterior to the stomach

A
  • diaphragm
  • spleen (posterior and lateral)
  • left suprarenal gland
  • upper left kidney
  • pancreas
  • left colic flexure
  • left transverse colon
  • Transverse mesocolon
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23
Q

Anterior to the stomach

A
  • anterior abdominal wall
  • left costal margin
  • left diaphragm
  • left and quadrate lobes of the liver
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24
Q

The _____ is located between the stomach and the large intestine

A

small intestine

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25
Q

the duodenum is in what quadrant

A

RUQ

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26
Q

The duodeno-jejunal flexure

A

LUQ

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27
Q

how long is the duodenum

A

10 inches long (12 finger-breadths)

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28
Q

The duodenum is located approximately at L_ and L__ vertebral bodies

A

L1 and L4

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29
Q

The duodenum starts at the ____ of the stomach and ends at the ___

A

pylorus and ends at the duodenal-jejunal junction

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30
Q

The duodenum can further be subdivided into __-parts. what are they

A
  • 4

- Superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending

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31
Q

The duodenum is secondarily retroperitoneal except for some of the ___ and ___ parts

A

1st and 4th (superior and ascending)

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32
Q

Covered anteriorly by peritoneum except where the _________ crosses the 2nd part (descending) of the duodenum

A

mesocolon of the transverse colon crosses

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33
Q

The 1st part (superior) of the duodenum is surrounded by the

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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34
Q

The root of “the mesentery” begins at the _______

A

duodeno-jejunal flexure

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35
Q

Features of the 1st part (superior) duodenum

A
  • starts at the pyloric sphincter
  • about 2 inches long
  • held in place by the hepatoduodenal ligament
  • Portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct are therefore posterior and superior to this part
  • Duodenal bulb (widened area)
  • The head of the pancreas is inferior to this part
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36
Q

Features of the 2nd part (descending) duodenum

A
  • about 3 inches long
  • all retroperitoneal (secondarily)
  • The fundus of the gall bladder, right lobe of the liver, transverse colon are all anterior
  • The right kidney and ureter are posterior
  • the head of the pancreas is medial
  • the bile and pancreatic ducts enter into the second part of the duodenum a the duodenal papilla
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37
Q

The bile and pancreatic ducts enter into the ___ part of the duodenum at the ____-

A

2nd (descending) part of duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

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38
Q

Features of the 3rd part (horizontal) duodenum

A
  • Superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross the anterior surface of the 3rd part of the duodenum
  • the head of the pancreas is superior
  • The jejunum is anterior and inferior
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39
Q

Features of the 4th part (ascending) duodenum

A
  • not covered by peritoneum
  • the root of the mesentery and jejunum are anterior
  • the left margin of the aorta and medial border of the psoas muscle are posterior
  • the 4th part is held in place by the suspensory ligament (or muscle) of the duodenum (of Treitz)
  • The suspensory ligament anchors the 4th part of the duodenum to the right crus of the diaphragm
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40
Q

____ and ____ occupy most of the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and pelvis

A

jejunum and ileum

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41
Q

The jejunum and ileum are coiled and bout ___ feet long

A

20

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42
Q

The jejunum begins at _____ junction and the ileum ends at the _____ valve

A

duodenual-jejunal junction and the ileum ends at the oleo-cecal valve

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43
Q

The jejunum and the ileum are very mobile and held to posterior wall by

A

The mesentery

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44
Q

The jejunum and ileum are “framed” by the

A

large intestine

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45
Q

The jejunum and ileum are often called the

A

free small intestine

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46
Q

The jejunum is about ____ feet long

A

8-10

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47
Q

The jejunum is about _____ of the free small intestine

A

2/5

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48
Q

The jejunum has simple ____ arcades, long _____, and is more ____ than the ileum

A

vascular, long vasa recta, more vascular

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49
Q

The jejunum has a _____ diameter, is ___ , and has ____ plicae circularis than the ileum

A

greater, thicker, more

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50
Q

The ileum is about ____ feet long

A

10-12 feet long

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51
Q

The ileum is _____ of the free small intestine

A

3/5

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52
Q

The ileum has _____ vascular arcades, ____ vasa recta, and is _____ vascular than the jejunum

A

less

53
Q

The ileum is ____ in diameter and ____ walled when compared to the ileum

A

smaller and thinner

54
Q

The ileum has ____ plicae circularis than the jejunum

A

fewer

55
Q

what is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine

A

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum

56
Q

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum occurs in about ___% of the population

A

2%

57
Q

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum is about ___ feet form the ileocecal junction

A

2

58
Q

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum is on average about ___ inches long

A

2

59
Q

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum is a remnant of the _____ duct

A

vitelline

60
Q

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum is clinically difficult to distinguish from ____

A

appendicitis

61
Q

“THE Mesentery” is about ___ cm long at the root. and it attaches the ___ and ___ to the ____

A

15cm, it attaches the jejunum and the ileum to the posterior body wall

62
Q

“The mesentery” crosses

A
  • LV1-2
  • 3rd part of duodenum
  • aorta
  • IVC
  • right ureter
  • right gonadal vessels
  • right psoas major
  • ends at right S.I. Joint
63
Q

The mesentery is made up of ___ layers of peritoneum with nerves, lymph nodes, vessels, fat, arteries and veins running between them

A

2

64
Q

The mesentery is made up of 2 layers of peritoneum with _____, _____, _____, ____, ____ and ______ running between them

A

nerves, lymph nodes, vessels, fat, arteries, and veins

65
Q

What are the regions of the Large intestine

A
  • Cecum and vermiform appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Right colic flexure
  • Transverse colon
  • Left colic flexure
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum and anal canal are in the pelvis
66
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine

A
  • fecal formation, transport and evacuation, water absorption and mucus secretion
67
Q

______ are 3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon

A

Taeniae coli

68
Q

The Tania coli converge at the root of the

A

appendix

69
Q

The Tania coli produce _____ that slow the movement of ____

A

haustrae (sacculations), feces

70
Q

Tags of fat, that are a characteristic of the large intestine

A

Appendices epiploicae (epiploic appendages)

71
Q

Characteristics of the Cecum

A
  • no epiploic appendages
  • blind “pouch” inferiro to ileocecal orifice
  • iliocolic valve is 2 folds that are not a true sphincter
  • ileal papilla is a cone-like projection of the ileum into the cecum
  • The opening for the appendix is inferior to the ideal papilla
72
Q

is a cone-like projection of the ileum into the cecum

A

ileal papilla

73
Q

The opening for the appendix is inferior to the

A

ileal papilla

74
Q

The iliocolic valve is ___ folds that are not a

A

2 folds that are not a true sphincter

75
Q

blind “pouch” inferior to ileocecal orifice

A

Cecum

76
Q

The vermiform appendix is usually attached to the

A

posteromedial part of the cecum

77
Q

The vermiform appendix is located at the junction of ______

A

3 taenia coli

78
Q

The vermiform appendix is ____ cm long and supported by a ______

A

9-10 cm long and supported by a mesoappendix

79
Q

Characteriestics of the ascending colon

A
  • Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

- secondarily retroperitoneal (usually) except the lowest part

80
Q

Characteristics of the transverse colon

A
  • left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

- intraperitoneal (transverse mesocolon)

81
Q

Characteristics of the Descending colon

A
  • Secondarily retroperitoneal
82
Q

Characteristics of the sigmoid colon

A
  • Intraperitoneal (sigmoid mesocolon)
83
Q

Location of the spleen

A
  • left hypochondriac region
  • Parallel left ribs 9,10, and 11
  • midaxillary line, between stomach and diaphragm
84
Q

What is the size of the spleen

A

about the size of the hand

85
Q

Is the spleen normally palpable below the costal margin

A

no

86
Q

Peritoneal relationships of the spleen

A
  • covered by peritoneum

- develops in the dorsal mesentery from mesoderm (gastrosplenic ligament and splenorenal ligament)

87
Q

_____ is posterior to the spleen

A

diaphragm

88
Q

____, ____, and _____ are anterior to the spleen

A

stomach, left colic flexure, and tail of the pancreas

89
Q

The ____ and ____ are inferior to the spleen

A

left kidney and phrenicocolic ligmanet

90
Q

Visceral surface of the spleen

A
  • Hilum with gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

- There are colic, gastric and renal impressions on the visceral surface of the spleen

91
Q

The pancreas is ______ retroperitoneal

A

secondarily

92
Q

The pancreas is loaded at about L ___-L____

A

L1-L2

93
Q

Parts of the pancreas

A
  • Head- with uncinate process, in the duodenal curve
  • Body- Triangular cross-section
  • Neck- Triangular cross-section
  • Tail- Some of the tail is located in the splenorenal ligament , anterior the hilus of the spleen
94
Q

____ and ____ are posterior to the neck of the pancreas

A

Superior mesenteric artery and vein

95
Q

____ and ___ run horizontally superior to or posterior to the body of the pancreas

A

Splenic vein and artery

96
Q

The tail of the pancreas is against the _____

A

spleen

97
Q

______ and _____ are posterior the body of the pancreas

A

Inferior vena cava and aorta

98
Q

The duodenum is ___, ___ and ___ to the head of the pancreas

A

superior, right and inferior

99
Q

The transverse colon lies ___ and ___ to the pancreas

A

anterior and inferior

100
Q

The main or major pancreatic duct joins the bile duct and they enter the ____ part of the duodenum together through a common _______

A

2nd part (descending), common hepatopancreatic ampulla

101
Q

The accessory pancreatic duct (if present) enters the duodenum at the more superior ______

A

minor duodenal papilla

102
Q

The main or major pancreatic ducts joins the bile duct and they enter the 2nd part (descending) of the duodenum together through a common hepatopancreatic ampulla. This forms the ______

A

major duodenal papilla

103
Q

most of the liver is loaded in the

A

Right upper quadrant

104
Q

The smaller left lobe of the liver is located in the

A

left upper quadrant

105
Q

lobes of the liver

A
  • left
  • right
  • caudate
  • quadrate
106
Q

The ____ is a double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver to the anterior wall

A

falciform ligament

107
Q

The diaphragmatic surface of the liver

A
  • smooth and fits concavity of diaphragm
  • peritoneum attaches the liver is to the anterior body wall and the peritoneum splits to encode a “bare area” of the liver
108
Q

The bare area of the liver includes the area where the ____ is posterior to the liver and the _____ drain into it

A

IVC, Hepatic veins

109
Q

The visceral surface of the liver

A
  • ligamentum venosum
  • ligamentum teres h.
  • haptic fossa for gall bladder
  • lobes of the liver (right, left, caudate, and quadrate)
110
Q

The ligamentum venosum is between what two lobes of the liver

A

left lobe and Caudate

111
Q

The ligamentum teres h. is between what two lobes of the liver

A

the left lobe and the quadrate

112
Q

Visceral (posterior) surface of the liver features

A
  • The porta hepatis
  • Ligamentum teres
  • ligamentum venosum
  • Hepatic fossa for gall bladder
113
Q

A transverse fissure between the caudate and quadrate lobes

A

Porta hepatis

114
Q

The porta hepatis transmits the ______

A

portal triad

115
Q

The portal triad is composed of

A
  • hepatic artery (proper)
  • Portal vein
  • Bile duct
116
Q

The ligamentum teres is in the edge of the ______

A

falciform

117
Q

The ligamentum teres is the obliterated

A

umbilical vein

118
Q

The ligamentum venous is the old

A

ductus venosus (used to connect the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava)

119
Q

The lesser omentum is composed of

A

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

120
Q

The gallbladder lies in the _____

A

hepatic fossa

121
Q

What is the lowest, widest part of the gallbladder

A

fundus

122
Q

The fundus of the gallbladder contacts the anterior abdominal wall at the _______, ________

A

midclavicular line, 9th or 10th costal cartilage

123
Q

The gallbladder is usually located on the ____ line

A

transpyloric line

124
Q

Parts of the gallbladder

A
  • fundus, body, neck
125
Q

Exrahepatic bile passages

A
  • right hepatic duct (R) and left hepatic duct (L), which together form the common hepatic duct
  • cystic duct
  • bile duct (common bile duct)
126
Q

The common bile duct is formed from

A

the cystic and common hepatic ducts

127
Q

The Bile duct runs in the

A

edge of the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)

128
Q

The bile duct goes posterior and inferior to the _____ part of the duodenum, posterior to the head of the pancreas, and enters the ___ part of the duodenum with the pancreatic duct

A

1st, 2nd

anatomy II (7 decks)

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