Vasculature of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

two routes to get blood to cranial vault

A

internal carotid arteries 2x left and right

vertebral arteries 2x left and right

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2
Q

internal carotid system

A

enter skull at carotid canal

join cerebral arterial circle

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3
Q

branches of cerebral arterial circle

A

three cortical branches

off of these three - deep perforating branches

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4
Q

branches of internal carotid

A

middle cerebral a.
posterior communicating a.
anterior cerebral a.

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5
Q

lenticulostriate arteries

A

deep penetrating arteries
lentiform and striatum nuclei (basal nuclei)

branches of middle cerebral arteries

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6
Q

anterior cerebral artery

A

runs in longitundinal fissure and above corpus callosum

left and right 2x

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7
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects L and R cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

vertebral arteries

A

enter cranium vault via foramen magnum

-meet as basilar artery

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9
Q

basilar artery

A

where vertebral arteries come together

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10
Q

branches of basilar artery

A

posterior cerebral arteries

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11
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

first large branch off of vertebral arteries

-serves posterior / inferior cerebellum

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12
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

second large branch off of vertebral arteries

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13
Q

superior cerebellar artery

A

branch off of basilar artery

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14
Q

pontine arteries

A

branches of basilar artery

-blood to pons

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15
Q

posterior spinal artery

A

arises off of vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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16
Q

anterior spinal artery

A

single artery that arises from both vertebral arteries

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17
Q

blood brain barrier

A

physiologic barrier between intravascular space and CNS ECF

in brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

two major types of capillaries

A

continuous and fenestrated

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19
Q

continuous capillaries

A

in CNS
no pores or fenestrations
tight junctions between endothelial cells

endothelial cells lining capillaries that form blood brain barrier

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20
Q

components of blood brain barrier

A

capillary lined by endothelial cells (continuous)
-tight junctions between them

astrocyte end feet
-do NOT form blood brain barrier

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21
Q

what can cross blood brain barriers

A
small molecules (< 400 daltons)
insulin - 6,000 daltons - cannot pass without transporter

also, gas can diffuse and lipid soluble mlcs

22
Q

ventricular space

A

fluid filled spaces within brain
developmental remnant of neural tube

4 in brain - continuous with central canal to SC

23
Q

subarachnoid space

A

continuous with the ventricles of brain

surrounds brain and spinal cord
fluid filled

24
Q

choroid plexus

A

site of CSF production

25
Q

ventricle lining

A

ependymal cells

-ciliated and can move fluid

26
Q

ventricles

A

2x lateral
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

27
Q

lateral ventricle division

A
anterior horn
body
posterior horn
inferior horn
trigone
28
Q

interthalamic adhesion

A

in third ventricle

-connecting left and right thalamus

29
Q

aqueduct of midbrain

A

from third ventricle to fourth ventricle

aka mesencephalic aqueduct

30
Q

apertures

A

openings in 4th ventricles to subarachnoid space

31
Q

separation of lateral ventricles

A

septum pellucidum

32
Q

central canal

A

continuous with fourth ventricle

to spinal cord

33
Q

connection of lateral and third ventricle

A

interventricular foramen 2x

34
Q

boundaries of lateral ventricles

A
roof - corpus callosum
floor - diencephalon
lateral walls - caudate nucleus**
roof of inferior horn - tail of caudate nucleus
floor of inferior horn - hippocampus
35
Q

boundaries of third ventricles

A

lateral walls - diencephalon

floor - optic chiasm and infundibulum

36
Q

mesencephalic aqueduct

A

no choroid plexus - no CSF production

good site for occlusion

37
Q

boundaries of 4th ventricles

A

roof - cerebellum

floor - pons/medulla

38
Q

openings of subarachnoid space

A

from 4th ventricle
1x median
2x lateral

39
Q

CSF

A

produced from blood

protects CNS - buoyancy (decreases weight) and serve as ECF

also a possible lymphatic function

pH influence on respiratory centers

40
Q

CSF production

A

active - uses ATP to transport ions
passive - water follows ions
selective - pick out constituents in blood we want

500mL / day

41
Q

reabsorption of CSF

A

passive - dependent on pressure gradient

42
Q

choroid plexus

A

roof of every ventricle

-2x lateral, third, fourth

43
Q

choroid epithelium

A

continuous with ependymal cells lining ventricles
-modified ependymal cells

has tight junctions
forms blood CSF barrier

44
Q

capillaries to choroid plexus

A

surrounded by choroid epithelium

fenestrated capillaries

45
Q

anterior choroidal artery

A

main artery supplying choroid plexus

46
Q

free exchange

A

between capillary and choroid epithelium

47
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

reabsorption of CSF to venous sinus system

have one way valves - pressure dependent

48
Q

hydrocephalus

A

CSF production is active
-independent of pressure

water in brain
-occlusion of CSF flow

49
Q

occlusion of interventricular foramen

A

results in huge lateral ventricles

50
Q

hydrocephalic shunt

A

drain CSF - commonly to peritoneum for absorption