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Neuro Exam 1 > Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

pharyngeal cleft

A

external invagination of ectoderm

-4 clefts

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2
Q

pharyngeal arches

A

core of mesenchyme
neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

each has own nerve and blood supply

6 total
#5 regresses
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3
Q

neural crest

A

CT components

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4
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

gives rise to muscles

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5
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A

internal evagination of pharyngeal endoderm

-4 pouches

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6
Q

arch 1

A

trigeminal

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7
Q

arch 2

A

facial

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8
Q

arch 3

A

glossopharyngeal

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9
Q

arch 4

A

vagus

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10
Q

arch 5

A

mostly regresses

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11
Q

arch 6

A

vagus - mostly recurrent laryngeal branch

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12
Q

arch nerves

A

only ones with an SVE component**

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13
Q

sensory info to face

A

trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

divisions of pharyngeal arch 1

A

frontal prominence
maxillary process
mandibular ??

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15
Q

bones of arch 1

A

viscerocranium and malleus and incus

also CT of face and dermis

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16
Q

muscles of arch 1

A

muscles of mastication - temporalis, masseter, medial, lateral pterygoids)

also tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

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17
Q

bones of arch 2

A

stapes
styloid process of temporal bone
stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and superior portion of body of hyoid

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18
Q

muscles of arch 2

A

muscles of facial expression

also stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

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19
Q

facial nerve

A

nerve VII

arch 2

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20
Q

bones of arch 3

A

greater horn and inferior portion of hyoid bone

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21
Q

muscles of arch 3

A

stylopharyngeus

only pharynx muscle not innervated by vagus

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22
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

CN IX

arch 3

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23
Q

bones of arch 4

A

with 6th arch - form all laryngeal cartilages

24
Q

arch 4 and 6

A

form laryngeal cartilages

25
Q

muscles of arch 4

A

muscles of pharynx

cricothyroid (in larynx)

26
Q

vagus nerve

A

CN X

arch 4

27
Q

trigeminal nerve

A

nerve V

arch 1

28
Q

arch 6 bones

A

laryngeal cartilage (with arch 4)

29
Q

arch 6 muscles

A 
laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid)
skeletal muscles of esophagus
30
Q

vagus nerve - recurrent laryngeal branch

A

CN X

arch 6

31
Q

cleft 1

A

formation of external ear

external acoustic meatus and part of tympanic membrane

32
Q

clefts 2-4

A

second arch overgrows arch 3 and 4, burying clefts 2-4

33
Q

cervical sinus

A

overgrowth of clefts 2-4 forms this sinus

it can persist - clinically significant

34
Q

pouch 1

A

formation of middle ear and auditory tube

also contributes to tympanic membrane

35
Q

pouch 2

A

stroma of palatine tonsil

tonsillar fossa

36
Q

pouch 3

A

dorsal - inferior parathyroid glands (migrate)

ventral - thymus (migrate)

37
Q

pouch 4

A

dorsal - superior parathyroid glands (migrate)

ventral - ultimobranchial body

38
Q

ultimobranchial body

A

migrate into substance of thyroid gland

become C cells

39
Q

thyroid development

A

from endoderm of proximal pharynx

descends along pharynx into neck - remains connected to tongue via thyroglossal duct

40
Q

foramen cecum

A

superior opening of thyroglossal duct

41
Q

pyramidal lobe of thyroid

A

in 50% of individuals - remnant of distal thyroglossal duct

42
Q

parafollicular cells

A

C cells

from ultimobranchial body - pouch 4

43
Q

tongue development

A

3 swellings form body of tongue

  • anterior 2/3
  • from 1st pharyngeal arch

root of tongue - posterior 1/3
-from 3rd arch endoderm

epiglottic region - from 4th arch

44
Q

anterior tongue innervation

A

body

innervation via trigeminal (GSA) - from ectoderm

45
Q

somatic vs. visceral

A

ectoderm vs endoderm development

46
Q

posterior tongue innervation

A

root

innervation via glossopharyngeal (GVA) - from endoderm

47
Q

epiglottic tongue innervation

A

arch 4

innervation vagus - GVA

48
Q

ectopic thyroid or parathyroid tissue

A

remnants of these glands along the course of their migration

49
Q

lateral cervical cysts

A

aka branchial cysts

cervical sinus - fails to regress
-found a long anterior border of SCM

50
Q

thyroglossal cyst

A

remnant of thyroglossal duct
-located on or near midline of neck***

can become infected and form cyst

ALWAYS ALONG MIDLINE

51
Q

midline cyst

A

likely thyroglossal

52
Q

lateral cyst

A

likely lateral cervical cyst

53
Q

craniofacial defects

A

always with neural crest defects

54
Q

first arch

A

bones of face

-so abnormality of neural crest cells - craniofacial defects

55
Q

neural crest defects

A

will almost always present with craniofacial defects

treache collins, robin sequence, digeorge anomaly

56
Q

digeorge syndrome

A

CATCH-22

Neuro Exam 1 (17 decks)

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