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Neuro Exam 1 > Spinal Cord Anatomy and Organization > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord length

A

foramen magnum to L2

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2
Q

general function of spinal cord

A

sensory processory

  • primary afferents enter spinal cord
  • local - for simple reflexes (w/in level and side)
  • ascending tracts
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3
Q

motor neurons

A

efferents

LMN’s - cell bodies in ventral horn

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4
Q

axons for motor neurons

A

go to periphery

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5
Q

ventral horn cells

A

location of lower motor neurons

“final common pathway

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6
Q

descending tracts

A

axons of upper motor neurons

from brainstem and cerebral cortex

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7
Q

segmentation of spinal cord

A

based on vertebrae

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1-3 coccygeal
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8
Q

conus medullaris

A

around L2

end of spinal cord

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9
Q

each segment of spinal cord

A

gives rise to pair of spinal nerve

-each has axons of dorsal root and anterior root

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10
Q

spinal cord segment = ?

A

gives rise to 1 pair of spinal nerves

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11
Q

dorsal root

A

has dorsal root ganglion

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12
Q

each segment ?

A

innervates a dermatome

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13
Q

2 enlargements of spinal cord

A

due to increased number of neurons
-associated with limbs

cervical enlargement - brachial plexus
lumbar enlargement - lumbosacral plexus

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14
Q

cervical enlargement

A

brachial plexus

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15
Q

lumbar enlargement

A

lumbosacral plexus

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16
Q

gray matter

A

inner - butterfly shape

-has cell bodies

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17
Q

white matter

A

outer

has cell processes (myelin)

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18
Q

clinical orientation

A

looking up from feet as patient lies on back

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19
Q

blood supply to spinal cord

A

differences will lead to different lesions depending on location of occlusion

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20
Q

sacral cross section

A

round
mostly gray
very little white

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21
Q

lumbosacral enlargement cross section

A

enlarged ventral horns - motor to lower limb
round shape
little white matter

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22
Q

thoracic cross section

A

very little gray matter - not a lot of musculature
lots of white matter - lots of somatosensation

lateral horn - first presence

dorsal nucleus of clarke - central portion of gray

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23
Q

lateral horn

A

T1-L2
- preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
aka IMLCC

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24
Q

dorsal nucleus of clarke

A

center of gray matter - thoracic cross section

proprioception to cerebellum

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25
Q

cervical enlargement cross section

A

oval shape
enlarged dorsal and ventral horns

lots of white matter

26
Q

flexors

A

more posterior in ventral horn

27
Q

extensors

A

more anterior in ventral horn

28
Q

proximal muscles

A

more medial in ventral horn

29
Q

distal muscles

A

more lateral in ventral horn

30
Q

three general types of white matter in SC?

A

long ascending
long descending
propriospinal (short)

31
Q

long ascending tracts

A

thalamus
cerebellum
brainstem

32
Q

long descending tracts

A

upper motor neurons - to lower motor neurons

from cortex
from brainstem

33
Q

propriospinal fibers

A

short - within spinal cord
-connect different cord levels

coordinate reflexes

34
Q

posterior funiculus below T6

A

below T6 - known as fasciculus gracilus

somatosensation from lower limb

35
Q

fasciculus gracilus

A

posterior funiculus caudal to T6

somatosensation from lower limb

36
Q

posterior funiculus above T6

A

fasciculus gracilus

and also fasciculus cuneatus

37
Q

fasciculus cuneatus

A

posterior funicullus above T6

primary afferents
somatosensation from upper limb

38
Q

anterolateral system

A

anterior and lateral funiculus

  • somatosensory fiber tracts
  • ascending secondary, tertiary, quarternary neurons
  • carrying axons from contralateral side**
39
Q

spinocerebellar tracts

A

somatosensation to cerebellum (not conscious)

up lateral funiculus
-ascending secondary and third order neurons

40
Q

corticospinal tracts

A

descending tract
lateral funiculus
descending upper motor neurons
final synapse - ventral horns - to LMNs

41
Q

spinal cord reflexes

A

motor event driven by sensory stimulus

ex/ withdraw, pupil constriction

local - can operate without UMN input (from cerebrum)

program pattern generators

42
Q

reflex arc

A 
1 receptor
2 afferent neuron
3 interneurons (s)
4 efferent neuron
5 target organ
43
Q

local circuits

A

can still operate with lesion in spinal cord above or below

44
Q

brainstem

A

continuation of the spinal cord

performs spinal cord like functions for head

  • gives rise to cranial nerves
  • initial processing for sensory from head
  • LMNs for muscles of head

vital reflexes
relay for all info

45
Q

conduit functions of brainstem

A

ascending tracts to thalamus and cerebellum
descending tracts to SC
many relay nuclei in brainstem

46
Q

cranial nerve functions of brainstem

A

afferent and efferent info

special sensation

47
Q

integrative functions of brainstem

A

complex motor patterns (chewing, swallowing)

cardiovascular and respiratory functions

48
Q

rostral medulla

A

open fourth ventricle

49
Q

caudal medulla

A

closed fourth ventricle (central canal)

50
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

level of inferior edge of medulla

-outcropping of cells - location of crossing of corticospinal tract fibers

51
Q

pyramids

A

left and right on medulla

  • location of corticopsinal fibers
  • UMNs - to voluntary movement
52
Q

olives

A

laterally on medulla

53
Q

pre and post olivarry sulcus

A

on medulla aorund olives

54
Q

pons division

A

basal pons

tegmentum

55
Q

basal pons

A

does NOT connect two hemispheres

56
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

fibers from pons to cerebellum

superior
middle
inferior

57
Q

midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles
-fiber bundles from cerebral cortex

colliculi

58
Q

colliculi

A

two superior

two inferior

59
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

right below the inferior colliculi

60
Q

brainstem

A

tectum

tegmentum

61
Q

tegmentum

A

reticular formation - nuclei throughout brainstem
cranial nerve nuclei (LMNs)
tracts (ascending and descending)

62
Q

substantia nigra

A

makes it easy to pick out midbrain

-dopaminergic cell bodies

Neuro Exam 1 (17 decks)

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