Neck: Anterior and Posterior Triangles

Question 1

boundaries of posterior triangle

Answer 1

roof - cervical investing fascia
anterior - SCM
posterior - trapezius
inferior - clavicle
floor - prevertebral fascia covering neck muscles

Question 2

division of posterior triangle

Answer 2

by omohyoid muscle

superior - occipital triangle
inferior - omoclavicular (supraclavicular) triangles

Question 3

contents of posterior triangle

Answer 3

external jugular

cutaneous nerves - lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nn.

spinal accessory nerve

brachial plexus

inferior belly omohyoid

third portion of subclavian artery, transverse cervical, suprascapular, dosral scapular, occipital arteries

deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 4

spinal accessory nerve

Answer 4

CN XI
GSE

runs along floor of posterior triangle

Question 5

what does CN XI innervate

Answer 5

trapezius and SCM

Question 6

subtrapezial plexus

Answer 6

ventral rami C3 and 4

spinal accessory nerve

Question 7

investing fascia

Answer 7

covers trap and SCM

Question 8

brachial plexus

Answer 8

ventral rami spinal nerves C5-T1

Question 9

course of brachial plexus

Answer 9

roots pass between anterior and middle scalene muscle

Question 10

scalene triangle

Answer 10

between anterior and middle scalene muscles

passage of brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 11

hypertrophy of scalenes

Answer 11

thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 12

fascia covering scalenes

Answer 12

prevertebral layer

Question 13

dorsal scapular nerve

Answer 13

C5
passes through middle scalene to surface of levator scapulae

descendings to rhomboid muscles

Question 14

accessory phrenic nerve

Answer 14

branch of C5
descends parallel to phrenic nerve
on lateral surface of anterior scalene muscles

Question 15

nerve to subclavius

Answer 15

from upper trunk (C5 - 6)

descend anterior to brachial plexus and posterior to clavicle to enter subclavius

Question 16

suprascapular nerve

Answer 16

C5,6
upper trunk
parallels course of suprascapular vessels to area of scapular notch to innervate supra and infraspinatus muscles

Question 17

long thoracic nerve

Answer 17

C5,6,7

join dorsal to brachial plexus and descend into axilla on lateral surface of serattus anterior muscle

Question 18

innervation of scalenes

Answer 18

collective branches from C5-8

Question 19

end at

Answer 19

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lecture time 30:34

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Question 28

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Question 29

boundaries of anterior triangle

Answer 29

``` SCM line mandible roof - investing fascia floor - visceral compartment neck ```

Question 30

sling of digastric

Answer 30

infrahyoid fascia on hyoid bone

Question 31

attachments of digastric

Answer 31

mandible to mastoid | -sling in middle

Question 32

innervation of digastric

Answer 32

anterior - mylohyoid nerve - CN V3 | posterior - digastric branch of facial nerve

Question 33

action of digastric

Answer 33

elevate hyoid and base of tongue | assists in opening mouth

Question 34

attachments stylohyoid

Answer 34

styloid process to hyoid

Question 35

action of stylohyoid

Answer 35

elevates and retracts hyoid and base of tongue

Question 36

innervation of stylohyoid

Answer 36

digastric branch of facial nerve

Question 37

muscles that get nerves from digastric branch of facial nerve

Answer 37

stylohyoid and posterior digastric

Question 38

muscles that get nerves from mylohyoid nerve (V3)

Answer 38

mylohyoid and anteiror digastric

Question 39

attachements of mylohyoid

Answer 39

base of chin | with midline

Question 40

action of mylohyoid

Answer 40

elevate hyoid and floor of mouth | hyoid fixed - depress mandible

Question 41

innervation of mylohyoid

Answer 41

nerve to mylohyoid | V3 branch

Question 42

attachments of sternohyoid

Answer 42

sternum to hyoid | depress hyoid

Question 43

innervation of sternohyoid

Answer 43

ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

Question 44

attachment of sternothyroid

Answer 44

sternum to thyroid

Question 45

action of sternothyroid

Answer 45

depres thyroid

Question 46

innervation of sternothyroid

Answer 46

ansa cervicalis

Question 47

thyrohyoid

Answer 47

thyroid to hyoid elevates larynx or depresses hyoid

Question 48

innervation of thyrohyoid

Answer 48

C1 via hypoglossal nerve***

Question 49

strap muscles

Answer 49

sternothyroid sternohyoid omohyoid thyrohyoid

Question 50

omohyoid

Answer 50

sling of investing fascia hyoid to scapula

Question 51

action of omohyoid

Answer 51

stabilizes, retracts, and depression hyoid and larynx

Question 52

innervation of omohyoid

Answer 52

ansa cervicalis

Question 53

C cells

Answer 53

secrete calcitonin

Question 54

level of thyroid isthmus

Answer 54

rings 2,3,4

Question 55

capsule of thyroid

Answer 55

pre-tracheal fascia

Question 56

pyramidal

Answer 56

remnant of thyroglossal duct

Question 57

superior thyroid artery

Answer 57

external carotid artery

Question 58

branches of superior thyroid artery

Answer 58

superior laryngeal artery anterior branch - anastomose with opposite side posterior branch - anastomose inferior thyroid artery

Question 59

inferior thyroid artery

Answer 59

from thyrocervical trunk anastomose with posterior branch of superior thyroid

Question 60

thyroid ima artery

Answer 60

branch of brachiocephalic or aorta | -to thyroid gland

Question 61

tracheostomy

Answer 61

may cut thyroid ima

Question 62

venous drainage of thyroid

Answer 62

superior thyroid vein - internal jugular vein middle thyroid vein - internal jugular vein inferior thyroid vein - to right and left brachiocephalic veins may fuse - form thyroid ima vein - LEFT brachiocephalic

Question 63

lymph drain of thyroid

Answer 63

superior -prelayngea - superior deep cervical inferior -pretracheal - paratracheal - inferior deep cervical

Question 64

innervation of thyroid

Answer 64

preganglionic sympathetic - T1-4 | postganglionic sympathetic - superior, middle, cervicothoracic ganglia (stellate)

Question 65

parathyroid glands

Answer 65

secrete PTH beneath capsule of thyroid on its dorsal srface 2-6 in pairs cut them off = DEATH

Question 66

trachealis

Answer 66

posteriorly to trachea because they are C-shaped rings that don't go around in circle

Question 67

blood supply to trachea and esophagus

Answer 67

inferior thyroid artery | inferior thyroid veins

Question 68

lymph of trachea

Answer 68

juxtavisceral nodes

Question 69

innervation of trachea

Answer 69

sympathetics - sympathetic trunk | parasympathetic - vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 70

beginning of esophagus

Answer 70

CV6