Vasculature, Lymphatics, Innervation Flashcards
What vertebral level is the celiac trunk at?
T12/L1
What verebral level is the SMA at?
L1
What vertebral level is the IMA at?
L3
What comes off the aorta at L1/L2?
the renal artery
The aorta bifurcates at what vertebral level?
L4 (bi”four”cation)
List the paired arteries come off the aorta, superiorly to inferiorly?
- inferior phrenic (suprarenal)
- middle suprarenal
- renal
- four pairs of lumbar arteries
- testicular/ovarian
- median sacral
The aorta bifurcates into what two arteries?
the left and right common iliac arteries
What artery sometimes compromises the renal vein?
the SMA
The IVC sits on which side of the abdominal aorta?
the right
The celiac trunk gives off what branches?
- left gastric
- common hepatic
- splenic
Where does the celiac trunk come off the abdominal aorta relative to the pancreas?
just above the neck of the pancreas
The left gastric artery gives off what two branches?
- esophageal branch
- left gastric artery supplying the lesser curvature
Which gastric arteries anastomose?
- the right and left gastric arteries
- the right and left gastro-omental arteries
Describe the path of the splenic artery.
- along the superior border of the pancreas
- through the splenorenal ligament to hilum of spleen
What three branches come off the splenic artery before it enters the hilum of the spleen?
- pancreatic branches
- short gastric arteries
- left gastro-omental artery
Where does the common hepatic artery bifurcate?
at the pylorus
The common hepatic artery bifurcates into what two arteries?
- hepatic proper artery (ascending)
- gastroduodenal artery (descending)
The hepatic artery proper branches off into what?
- right gastric
- left hepatic
- right hepatic
The superior mesenteric artery branches to the left to give rise to what?
multiple intestinal branches
The superior mesenteric artery branches to the right give rise to what arteries in what order?
- middle colic artery
- right colic artery
- ileocolic artery
The middle colic artery supplies what?
the transverse colon
The right colic artery supplies what?
the ascending colon
Describe the branching of arteries off the inferior mesenteric artery.
- left colic first
- then 3-4 sigmoid arteries
- becomes the superior rectal artery
After branching into several sigmoid arteries, the inferior mesenteric artery becomes what?
the superior rectal artery
The transverse colon is supplied by what arteries?
the middle colic and left colic
The IMA anastomoses with what major artery?
the internal iliac
The portal vein is formed from what?
the splenic vein and SMV
The IMV empties into what vessel?
the splenic vein (60% of the time) or the SMV (40% of the time)
Name the four plexuses that allow anastomosis between the portal vein and systemic veins.
- esophageal plexus
- paraumbilical plexus
- rectal plexuses
- retroperitoneal plexus
What is the paraumbilical plexus?
an obliterated vessel that can be re-channelized if portal hypertension grows
Caput medusa results from portal hypertension and what anastomotic connection?
the paraumbilical plexus
Portal hypertension causes what sort of hemorrhoids?
internal
Why does portal hypertension cause internal hemorrhoids rather than external ones?
because the internal rectal plexus anastomoses with the portal hepatic vein
The external rectal plexus drains into what venous system?
the internal iliac vein
All abdominal lymphatics drain upward to the ____.
cisterna chyli
The cisterna chyli drains into what structure?
the thoracic duct
What are the three lymphatic trunks?
intestinal, right lumbar, left lumbar
Which organs drain into the left lumbar lymphatic trunk?
the hindgut organs and pelvic organs
Most GI organ sensory organ is carried through the (parasympathetic/sympathetic) division.
sympathetic
Which organs might have some sensory information carried via the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
pelvic organs
Which division of the ANS has long preganglionic nerve fibers?
parasympathetic
The greater splanchnic nerves synapse in what abdominal ganglion?
celiac
The lesser splanchnic nerves synapse in what abdominal ganglion?
superior mesenteric
The least splanchnic nerves synapse in what abdominal ganglion?
inferior mesenteric ganglion
Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves pass through what ganglion?
superior and inferior hypogastric plexus
Visceral innervation of the organs comes from what two parasympathetic nerves?
- vagus nerve
- pelvic splanchnic nerve
The pelvic splanchnic nerve supplies parasympathetic visceral innervation to what orgnas?
hindgut organs
What mix in nerve plexi?
parasympathetic preganglionic nerves with sympathetic postganglionic nerves
