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GI Anatomy > GI Tract Organs II > Flashcards

GI Tract Organs II Flashcards

1
Q

The dudodenojejunal junction is defined by what structure?

A

the ligament of treitz

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2
Q

Where in the abdominal cavity is the jejunum located?

A

mostly the left upper quadrant and somewhat periumbilical

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3
Q

Where in the abomdinal cavity is the ileum located?

A

mostly in the lower right quadrant and somewhat hypogastric

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4
Q

The root of the mesentery runs from where to where?

A

just left of L2 to the right sacroiliac joint in the lower abdominal cavity

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5
Q

How does the wall thickness of the jejunum compare to that of the ileum?

A

the jejunum is much thicker

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6
Q

How do the vasa recta and arcades of the jejunum compare to those of the ileum?

A

the vasa recta of the jejunum are longer while the arcades are fewer and larger

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7
Q

What are the folds that protrude into the lumen of the small intestine called?

A

circular folds/plicae circulares

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8
Q

How do the plicae circulares of the jejunum compare to those of the ileum?

A

those in the jejunum are taller, larger, and more closely packed together

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9
Q

Which portion of the small intestine, the jejunum or ileum, appears speckled on contrast imaging?

A

the jejunum

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10
Q

The jejunum and ileum are supplied by what major branch off the aorta?

A

the SMA

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11
Q

The jejunum and ileum are supplied by what sympathetic nerve?

A

the less splanchnic nerve

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12
Q

The less splanchnic nerves have what effect on digestion and motility in the small intestine?

A

they slow digestion and motility

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13
Q

The less splanchnic nerve originates at what vertebral level?

A

T10

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14
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

a common congenital anomaly of the gut due to a remnant vitelline duct

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15
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is due to a remnant what?

A

vitelline duct

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16
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum may contain what ectopic tissues?

A

pancreatic and stomach mucosa

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17
Q

What is the rule of 2’s for Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

seen in 2% of the population, usually 2 inches long, and usually 2 feet proximal from the ileocecal junction

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18
Q

Inflammed Meckel’s diverticulum presents in what fashion?

A

with pain similar to appendicitis

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19
Q

What is ileus?

A

a group of small bowel motility disorders that mimic obstruction without actual mechanical obstruction

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20
Q

What is the most common type of ileus?

A

paralytic ileus

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21
Q

Paralytic ileus is most commonly due to what?

A

surgery

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of paralytic ileus?

A
  • post-operative
  • fluid/gas distention
  • hypoactive bowel sounds
  • nausea
  • malaise
  • mild pain
  • vomiting
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23
Q

What is intussusception?

A

when a part of the intestine has invaginated into another section of intestine

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24
Q

Intussusceptions are most common in which age group?

A

those below the age of five

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25
Q

What is the intussusceptum and the intussuscipiens?

A

the susceptum is the part that prolapses into the intussuscipiens

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26
Q

A bull’s eye or target appearance on US is indicative of what GI disorder?

A

intussusception

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27
Q

What are the symptoms of intussusception?

A

similar to those seen in a bowel obstruction with sudden pain coming and going every 15 to 20 minutes

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28
Q

Small intestine pain refers where?

A

periumbilical due to innervation by the less splanchnic nerve residing at T10

29
Q

The ascending colon meets the transverse colon at what point?

A

the right colic/hepatic flexure

30
Q

What is the left colic flexure called?

A

the splenic flexure

31
Q

What do we call the small, fatty omentum-like projections off the colon?

A

omental appendices

32
Q

What are the longitudinal muscle bands of the colon called?

A

taenia coli

33
Q

What are haustra?

A

saccular protrusions between transverse folds of the colon

34
Q

What are the folds that divide haustra called?

A

semilunar folds

35
Q

What acronym describes the unique anatomical characteristics of the large intestine?

A
  • omental epiploic appendices
  • taeniae
  • haustra
  • semilunar folds
  • OETHS
36
Q

Is the cecum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

37
Q

the ileocecal junction forms what papilla?

A

the ileal

38
Q

What is the actual name of the appendix?

A

Vermiform appendix

39
Q

The cecum is defined by what structure?

A

the ileal papilla

40
Q

What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal?

A
  • cecum
  • transverse colon
  • sigmoid colon
41
Q

The transverse mesocolon runs along what?

A

the inferior edge of the pancreas

42
Q

The rectum begins at what vertebral level?

A

S3

43
Q

Is the rectum intra or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

44
Q

What line divides the superior anal canal from the inferior anal canal?

A

the pectinate line

45
Q

The wall of the anal canal has what two features?

A

anal columns and anal sinuses

46
Q

The anal canal is defined by what?

A

the length of the anal columns and sinuses

47
Q

What is the anal valve?

A

the edge that joins the distal ends of anal columns together

48
Q

The anal columns end distally at what structure?

A

the anal valve

49
Q

How does the arterial supply differ above and below the pectinate line?

A
  • IMA above

- internal iliac artery below

50
Q

How does the venous drainage differ above and below the pectinate line?

A
  • hepatic portal vein above

- IVC below

51
Q

How does the innervation differ above and below the pectinate line?

A
  • visceral above

- somatic below

52
Q

At what point in the hindgut does the epithelium change?

A

the pectinate line

53
Q

Describe the epithelium above and below the pectinate line?

A
  • simple columnar above

- keratinized squamous below

54
Q

What is a volvulus?

A

a loop of bowel and mesentery abnormally twisted on itself

55
Q

What is the most common type of volvulus?

A

sigmoid

56
Q

Which population is most affected by sigmoid volvulus?

A

middle aged men

57
Q

What is cryptitis?

A

inflammation of the anal sinuses

58
Q

What is an anal fistula?

A

a channel that connects the anal canal to a perianal abscess

59
Q

Where does puss accumulate in those with an anal fissure?

A

in the ischioanal fossa

60
Q

What is the ischioanal fossa?

A

an area of pus collection in those with anal fissures

61
Q

What is an internal v. an external hemorrhoid?

A

internal are those above the pectinate line

62
Q

What is an internal hemorrhoid?

A

a painless prolapse of rectal mucosa

63
Q

What is an external hemorrhoid?

A

a painful prolapse of tissue below the pectinate line

64
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

infection of a diverticulosis

65
Q

What is a diverticulosis?

A

an external evagination of colon mucosa, typically in the sigmoid colon

66
Q

What is an ileostomy?

A

a surgery used to establish an opening between the ileum and skin

67
Q

What is a colostomy?

A

a surgery used to establish an opening between the colon and skin

68
Q

What recommendation is made for colonoscopies as a screening procedure?

A

everyone should have one at age 50, typically done every five years thereafter

69
Q

What is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding?

A

diverticulum

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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