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GI Anatomy > GI Tract Organs III > Flashcards

GI Tract Organs III Flashcards

1
Q

The spleen performs what role in adults?

A

serve as a large lymph organ (WBC/antigen interactions) and remove RBCs

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2
Q

What are the four surfaces of the spleen?

A
  • diaphragmatic
  • gastric
  • colic
  • renal
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3
Q

Is the spleen intra or retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

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4
Q

The splenic artery and vein run within what structure?

A

the splenorenal ligament

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5
Q

The short gastric vessels run within what structure?

A

the gastrosplenic ligament

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6
Q

What other abdominal organ lies near the splenic hilum?

A

the pancreatic tail

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7
Q

The spleen is served by what artery?

A

the splenic artery

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8
Q

The splenic artery originates from what greater vessel?

A

the celiac trunk

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9
Q

How can you tell the splenic artery from the splenic vein?

A

the artery is more tortous and usually sits anterior to the vein

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10
Q

The splenic artery supplies what organs?

A

the spleen, pancreas, and stomach

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11
Q

The splenic vein empties into what structure?

A

the hepatic portal vein

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12
Q

A slight rupture of the spleen will cause pain where?

A

in the epigastric region and in the left flank

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13
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?

A

a sharp pain in the left shoulder due to splenic rupture and blood contacting the undersurface of the diaphragm

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14
Q

Describe the pain associated with splenic rupture.

A
  • possible Kehr’s sign if severe enough
  • primarily epigastric and in the left flank
  • worsens when patient lies down and legs are elevated
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15
Q

Name a few causes of splenomegaly.

A
  • portal hypertension
  • leukemia/lymphoma
  • mono
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16
Q

How does the Kehr’s sign develop?

A

blood from splenic rupture releases WBCs which then release cytokines that irritate the diaphragm and generate referred pain in the upper left shoulder

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17
Q

When doing a spleen needle biopsy, be careful not to pass the needle through what?

A

the costodiaphragmatic recess, which will likely cause a pneumothorax or pleuritis

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18
Q

Is the pancreas intra or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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19
Q

What are the divisions of the pancreas?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • body
  • tail
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20
Q

The pancreas runs in line with what plane of the abdomen?

A

the transpyloric plane

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21
Q

The transpyloric plane sits at what vertebral level?

A

L1

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22
Q

What mesentery runs along the inferior edge of the pancreas?

A

the transverse mesocolon

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23
Q

The head of the pancreas is defined by what structure?

A

it is everything to the right of the SMA and SMV

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24
Q

The neck of the pancreas is defined by what structure?

A

it is everything that sits anterior to the SMA and SMV

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25
Q

What is the uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

the portion of the head that sits immediately posterior to the SMA and SMV

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26
Q

The pancreatic duct joins what other duct before entering the small intestine?

A

the common bile duct

27
Q

The common bile duct and pancreatic duct merge and form what structure?

A

the Ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)

28
Q

What three sphincters control flow through the pancreatic and bile ducts?

A
  • sphincter of the common bile duct
  • sphincter of the pancreatic duct
  • sphincter of Oddi/hepatopancreatic duct
29
Q

What enters the duodenum through the minor duodenal papilla?

A

an accessory pancreatic duct if present

30
Q

Is the major pancreatic duct cranial or cuadal to the minor pancreatic duct?

A

caudal

31
Q

The pancreas is served by what arteries?

A
  • splenic
  • gastroduodenal
  • SMA
32
Q

The pancreas is served by what veins?

A
  • splenic

- SMV

33
Q

The lymphatics that supply the pancreas drain to what lymph nodes?

A

celiac and superior mesenteric

34
Q

What sympathetic nerves innervate the pancreas?

A

the great thoracic spanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

35
Q

The liver runs between what ribs, anteriorly?

A

5th (right nipple) to costal margin

36
Q

The liver runs between what ribs, posteriorly?

A

9th to 12th

37
Q

The largest surface of the liver is the ____.

A

diaphragmatic surface

38
Q

Which surface of the liver isn’t covered by peritoneum posteriorly?

A

the diaphragmatic surface

39
Q

The falciform ligament does what?

A

holds the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

40
Q

The coronary ligament does what?

A

suspends the liver from the diaphragm

41
Q

The coronary ligament is created by what?

A

a reflection of the parietal peritoneum

42
Q

Where are teh right and left triangular ligaments?

A

at the lateral ends of the coronary ligament

43
Q

Where is the subphrenic recess?

A

the recess between the anterior abdominal wall and anterior surface of the liver

44
Q

What is the portal hepatis?

A

a fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which neurovascular structures enter the liver

45
Q

The portal hepatis is bordered on the left and right by what?

A

the right and left sagittal fissure

46
Q

Where is the right sagittal fissure?

A

from the fossa of the gallbladder to the groove of the IVC

47
Q

Where is the left sagittal fissure?

A

from the ligamentum teres to the ligamentum venosum

48
Q

What structures run through the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

the renal artery and portal vein as well as the bile duct

49
Q

In which order and pattern do the portal triad structures run in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A
  • the bile duct anterior and lateral
  • the artery anterior and medial
  • the vein posteriorly
50
Q

What divides the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

the falciform ligament and left sagittal fissure

51
Q

The porta hepatis divides what liver lobes?

A

the quadrate and caudate

52
Q

What are the four non-functional liver lobes?

A
  • right
  • left
  • quadrate
  • caudate
53
Q

The functional subdivisions of the liver are made based on what?

A

the divisions of the portal triad

54
Q

Functionally, the left and right lobes of the liver are divided by what?

A

the gallbladder bed and IVC

55
Q

The quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver functionally belong to which side?

A

the left

56
Q

How many hepatic veins leave the liver and drain into the IVC?

A

three

57
Q

Where should your needle enter for a liver biopsy?

A

below the 10th intercostal space and at the mid-axillary line

58
Q

Describe the order of vessels through while bile flows, beginning with bile canaliculi.

A
  • bile canaliculi
  • intralobular ducts
  • periportal ducts
  • bile ducts
  • left/right hepatic duct
  • common hepatic duct
  • common bile duct
59
Q

What differentiates the common hepatic duct from the common bile duct?

A

the connection of the gall bladder

60
Q

What are the divisions of the gall bladder?

A

head, neck, and body

61
Q

The gall bladder is connected to the common bile duct by what?

A

the cystic duct

62
Q

Which population is most affected by gall stones?

A

older women

63
Q

What is a biliary colic gall stone?

A

one lodged in the cystic duct

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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