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GI Anatomy > Posterior Abdominal Wall and Kidneys > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall and Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

The diaphragm is supplied by what arteries?

A

superior and inferior phrenic arteries

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2
Q

The IVC hiatus in the diaphragm is at what vertebral level?

A

T8

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3
Q

The aortic opening in the diaphragm is at what vertebral level?

A

T12

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4
Q

The diaphragm is paralyzed if what nerve is cut?

A

the phrenic nerve

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5
Q

Referred pain from the diaphragm goes where?

A

the shoulder

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6
Q

What is a Bachdalek hernia?

A

a hole in the back (and typically left) of the diaphragm

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7
Q

What is a Morgagni hernia?

A

a hole in the front of the diaphragm near the xiphoid process

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8
Q

What is the name for the fascia surrounding the kidneys?

A

renal/Gerota’s

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9
Q

What divides the perirenal space from the pararenal space?

A

the renal fascia

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10
Q

The peri- and para-renal spaces are open in which direction?

A

inferiorly

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11
Q

The quadratus lumborum runs between what structures?

A

iliac crest to 12th rib

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12
Q

What muscle runs between the iliac crest and the 12th rib?

A

quadratus lumborum

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13
Q

The psoas muscle inserts onto what?

A

the trocantar

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14
Q

What are the three major muscles on the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • quadratus lumborum
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
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15
Q

The subcostal nerve comes out at what vertebral level?

A

T12

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16
Q

The lumbar plexus comes out at what vertebral level?

A

L1-L4

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17
Q

The lumbosacral trunk comes out at what vertebral level?

A

L4-L5

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18
Q

Name the nerves of the lumbar plexus.

A
  • iliohypogastric
  • ilioinguinal
  • genitofemoral
  • lateral femoral cutaneous
  • femoral
  • obturator
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19
Q

What level does the iliohypogastric nerve come out at?

A

L1

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20
Q

What level does the ilioinguinal nerve come out at?

A

L1

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21
Q

What level does the genitofemoral nerve come out at?

A

L1-L2

22
Q

What level does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve come out at?

A

L2-L3

23
Q

What level does the femoral nerve come out at?

A

L4

24
Q

What level does the obturator nerve come out at?

A

L2-L4

25
Q

What level does the lumbosacral trunk come out at?

A

L4-L5

26
Q

Where can the iliohypogastric nerve be found?

A

anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle

27
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve gives off what two branches?

A

iliac and hypograstric

28
Q

The iliac branch of the iliohypogastric nerve serves what function?

A

sensory innervation of the hip

29
Q

The hypogastric branch of the iliohypogastric nerve serves what?

A

the suprapubic region

30
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve runs alongside what other nerve?

A

the ilioinguinal

31
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve serves what?

A

the anterior scrotum or labium majorum and the upper/medial thigh

32
Q

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve run?

A

anterior to both the quadratus laborum and iliacus muscles toward the ASIS

33
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica?

A

femoral cutaneous nerve syndrome caused by compression of the ilioinguinal nerve

34
Q

What is the largest branch of the lumbar nerve plexus?

A

the femoral nerve

35
Q

Where does the femoral nerve run?

A

alongside the psoas muscle

36
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve run?

A

on the anterior surface of the psoas muscle

37
Q

The genitofemoral nerve has what two branches?

A

genital and femoral

38
Q

Which nerve elevates the testicle in response to cold temperatures?

A

the genitofemoral nerve

39
Q

Which nerve innervates hte cremasteric muscles?

A

the genitofemoral nerve

40
Q

How can you locate the obturator nerve?

A
  • it runs very deep and along the medial border of the psoas

- it is taught

41
Q

The obturator nerve serves what?

A

the adductor muscles of the thigh

42
Q

At what vertebral level do the kidneys sit?

A

T12-L3

43
Q

The SMA will occasionally obstruct what blood vessel?

A

the left renal vein

44
Q

What is the flattened, funnel-shaped superior end of the ureter called?

A

the renal pelvis

45
Q

What is the renal sinus?

A

the hollow space in the kidney ocupied by renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves, and fat

46
Q

What do we call the spaces between renal pyramids?

A

renal columns

47
Q

What do we call the tips of each renal pyramid?

A

renal papilla

48
Q

Renal papilla drain into what?

A

minor calices

49
Q

Minor calices drain into what?

A

major calices and then the renal pelvis

50
Q

The renal arteries arise from the aorta at what vertebral level?

A

L1/L2

51
Q

What inferior vein comes up to drain into the left renal vein?

A

the left testicular/ovarian vein

52
Q

In what three locations is a kidney stone most likely to become lodged in the ureter?

A
  • origin from pelvis
  • when it crosses over the iliac vessels
  • where it passes through the bladder wall

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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