Posterior Abdominal Wall and Kidneys

Question 1

The diaphragm is supplied by what arteries?

Answer 1

superior and inferior phrenic arteries

Question 2

The IVC hiatus in the diaphragm is at what vertebral level?

Answer 2

T8

Question 3

The aortic opening in the diaphragm is at what vertebral level?

Answer 3

T12

Question 4

The diaphragm is paralyzed if what nerve is cut?

Answer 4

the phrenic nerve

Question 5

Referred pain from the diaphragm goes where?

Answer 5

the shoulder

Question 6

What is a Bachdalek hernia?

Answer 6

a hole in the back (and typically left) of the diaphragm

Question 7

What is a Morgagni hernia?

Answer 7

a hole in the front of the diaphragm near the xiphoid process

Question 8

What is the name for the fascia surrounding the kidneys?

Answer 8

renal/Gerota’s

Question 9

What divides the perirenal space from the pararenal space?

Answer 9

the renal fascia

Question 10

The peri- and para-renal spaces are open in which direction?

Answer 10

inferiorly

Question 11

The quadratus lumborum runs between what structures?

Answer 11

iliac crest to 12th rib

Question 12

What muscle runs between the iliac crest and the 12th rib?

Answer 12

quadratus lumborum

Question 13

The psoas muscle inserts onto what?

Answer 13

the trocantar

Question 14

What are the three major muscles on the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 14

• quadratus lumborum
• psoas major
• iliacus

Question 15

The subcostal nerve comes out at what vertebral level?

Answer 15

T12

Question 16

The lumbar plexus comes out at what vertebral level?

Answer 16

L1-L4

Question 17

The lumbosacral trunk comes out at what vertebral level?

Answer 17

L4-L5

Question 18

Name the nerves of the lumbar plexus.

Answer 18

• iliohypogastric
• ilioinguinal
• genitofemoral
• lateral femoral cutaneous
• femoral
• obturator

Question 19

What level does the iliohypogastric nerve come out at?

Answer 19

L1

Question 20

What level does the ilioinguinal nerve come out at?

Answer 20

L1

Question 21

What level does the genitofemoral nerve come out at?

Answer 21

L1-L2

Question 22

What level does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve come out at?

Answer 22

L2-L3

Question 23

What level does the femoral nerve come out at?

Answer 23

L4

Question 24

What level does the obturator nerve come out at?

Answer 24

L2-L4

Question 25

What level does the lumbosacral trunk come out at?

Answer 25

L4-L5

Question 26

Where can the iliohypogastric nerve be found?

Answer 26

anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle

Question 27

The iliohypogastric nerve gives off what two branches?

Answer 27

iliac and hypograstric

Question 28

The iliac branch of the iliohypogastric nerve serves what function?

Answer 28

sensory innervation of the hip

Question 29

The hypogastric branch of the iliohypogastric nerve serves what?

Answer 29

the suprapubic region

Question 30

The iliohypogastric nerve runs alongside what other nerve?

Answer 30

the ilioinguinal

Question 31

The ilioinguinal nerve serves what?

Answer 31

the anterior scrotum or labium majorum and the upper/medial thigh

Question 32

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve run?

Answer 32

anterior to both the quadratus laborum and iliacus muscles toward the ASIS

Question 33

What is meralgia paresthetica?

Answer 33

femoral cutaneous nerve syndrome caused by compression of the ilioinguinal nerve

Question 34

What is the largest branch of the lumbar nerve plexus?

Answer 34

the femoral nerve

Question 35

Where does the femoral nerve run?

Answer 35

alongside the psoas muscle

Question 36

Where does the genitofemoral nerve run?

Answer 36

on the anterior surface of the psoas muscle

Question 37

The genitofemoral nerve has what two branches?

Answer 37

genital and femoral

Question 38

Which nerve elevates the testicle in response to cold temperatures?

Answer 38

the genitofemoral nerve

Question 39

Which nerve innervates hte cremasteric muscles?

Answer 39

the genitofemoral nerve

Question 40

How can you locate the obturator nerve?

Answer 40

- it runs very deep and along the medial border of the psoas | - it is taught

Question 41

The obturator nerve serves what?

Answer 41

the adductor muscles of the thigh

Question 42

At what vertebral level do the kidneys sit?

Answer 42

T12-L3

Question 43

The SMA will occasionally obstruct what blood vessel?

Answer 43

the left renal vein

Question 44

What is the flattened, funnel-shaped superior end of the ureter called?

Answer 44

the renal pelvis

Question 45

What is the renal sinus?

Answer 45

the hollow space in the kidney ocupied by renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves, and fat

Question 46

What do we call the spaces between renal pyramids?

Answer 46

renal columns

Question 47

What do we call the tips of each renal pyramid?

Answer 47

renal papilla

Question 48

Renal papilla drain into what?

Answer 48

minor calices

Question 49

Minor calices drain into what?

Answer 49

major calices and then the renal pelvis

Question 50

The renal arteries arise from the aorta at what vertebral level?

Answer 50

L1/L2

Question 51

What inferior vein comes up to drain into the left renal vein?

Answer 51

the left testicular/ovarian vein

Question 52

In what three locations is a kidney stone most likely to become lodged in the ureter?

Answer 52

- origin from pelvis - when it crosses over the iliac vessels - where it passes through the bladder wall