Posterior Abdominal Wall and Kidneys Flashcards
The diaphragm is supplied by what arteries?
superior and inferior phrenic arteries
The IVC hiatus in the diaphragm is at what vertebral level?
T8
The aortic opening in the diaphragm is at what vertebral level?
T12
The diaphragm is paralyzed if what nerve is cut?
the phrenic nerve
Referred pain from the diaphragm goes where?
the shoulder
What is a Bachdalek hernia?
a hole in the back (and typically left) of the diaphragm
What is a Morgagni hernia?
a hole in the front of the diaphragm near the xiphoid process
What is the name for the fascia surrounding the kidneys?
renal/Gerota’s
What divides the perirenal space from the pararenal space?
the renal fascia
The peri- and para-renal spaces are open in which direction?
inferiorly
The quadratus lumborum runs between what structures?
iliac crest to 12th rib
What muscle runs between the iliac crest and the 12th rib?
quadratus lumborum
The psoas muscle inserts onto what?
the trocantar
What are the three major muscles on the posterior abdominal wall?
- quadratus lumborum
- psoas major
- iliacus
The subcostal nerve comes out at what vertebral level?
T12
The lumbar plexus comes out at what vertebral level?
L1-L4
The lumbosacral trunk comes out at what vertebral level?
L4-L5
Name the nerves of the lumbar plexus.
- iliohypogastric
- ilioinguinal
- genitofemoral
- lateral femoral cutaneous
- femoral
- obturator
What level does the iliohypogastric nerve come out at?
L1
What level does the ilioinguinal nerve come out at?
L1
What level does the genitofemoral nerve come out at?
L1-L2
What level does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve come out at?
L2-L3
What level does the femoral nerve come out at?
L4
What level does the obturator nerve come out at?
L2-L4
What level does the lumbosacral trunk come out at?
L4-L5
Where can the iliohypogastric nerve be found?
anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle
The iliohypogastric nerve gives off what two branches?
iliac and hypograstric
The iliac branch of the iliohypogastric nerve serves what function?
sensory innervation of the hip
The hypogastric branch of the iliohypogastric nerve serves what?
the suprapubic region
The iliohypogastric nerve runs alongside what other nerve?
the ilioinguinal
The ilioinguinal nerve serves what?
the anterior scrotum or labium majorum and the upper/medial thigh
Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve run?
anterior to both the quadratus laborum and iliacus muscles toward the ASIS
What is meralgia paresthetica?
femoral cutaneous nerve syndrome caused by compression of the ilioinguinal nerve
What is the largest branch of the lumbar nerve plexus?
the femoral nerve
Where does the femoral nerve run?
alongside the psoas muscle
Where does the genitofemoral nerve run?
on the anterior surface of the psoas muscle
The genitofemoral nerve has what two branches?
genital and femoral
Which nerve elevates the testicle in response to cold temperatures?
the genitofemoral nerve
Which nerve innervates hte cremasteric muscles?
the genitofemoral nerve
How can you locate the obturator nerve?
- it runs very deep and along the medial border of the psoas
- it is taught
The obturator nerve serves what?
the adductor muscles of the thigh
At what vertebral level do the kidneys sit?
T12-L3
The SMA will occasionally obstruct what blood vessel?
the left renal vein
What is the flattened, funnel-shaped superior end of the ureter called?
the renal pelvis
What is the renal sinus?
the hollow space in the kidney ocupied by renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves, and fat
What do we call the spaces between renal pyramids?
renal columns
What do we call the tips of each renal pyramid?
renal papilla
Renal papilla drain into what?
minor calices
Minor calices drain into what?
major calices and then the renal pelvis
The renal arteries arise from the aorta at what vertebral level?
L1/L2
What inferior vein comes up to drain into the left renal vein?
the left testicular/ovarian vein
In what three locations is a kidney stone most likely to become lodged in the ureter?
- origin from pelvis
- when it crosses over the iliac vessels
- where it passes through the bladder wall
