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Spine and Pelvis > Vascular Structures Of The Spine > Flashcards

Vascular Structures Of The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: most capillaries feeding muscles are closed when at rest

A

True

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2
Q

True or false: channels open during exertion

A

True

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3
Q

What is the largest branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery

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4
Q

Into how many parts are the vertebral arteries divided?

A

Four

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the 1st section of the vertebral artery?

A

*Subclavian artery to C7

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6
Q

Between which muscles is the 1st section of the vertebral artery?

A

Longus coli and anterior scalene

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7
Q

What structures are posterior to the 1st section of the vertebral artery?

A

C7 TP

Stella the ganglion (common nerve block)

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the 2nd section of the vertebral arteries?

A

C6-C1

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9
Q

True or false: the 2nd section of the vertebral artery ascends through all transverse foramen

A

True

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the 3rd section of the vertebral arteries?

A

C1-foramen magnum

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11
Q

Describe how the 3rd section of the vertebral artery passes the lateral mass of c1

A

VA passes medial and posterior to lateral mass of c1

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12
Q

Where does the 3rd section of the VA rest?

A

Vertebral notch of posterior arch

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13
Q

Through which ligament does the 3rd section of the VA pass?

A

Posterior Atlanta-occipital ligament

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the 4th section of the vertebral arteries?

A

Foramen magnum to basilar artery

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15
Q

On what structure does the 4th section of the vertebral artery rest?

A

Posterior clivus

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16
Q

What do the left and right VA’s merge to form?

A

Basilar artery

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17
Q

What are the arteries of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery
Radicular arteries

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18
Q

From which arteries does the anterior spinal artery arise?

A

Two medial branches from vertebral arteries

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19
Q

What is the approximate location of the anterior spinal artery in relation to the spinal cord?

A

Anterior to median fissure of cord

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20
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery (asa) supply and what does it NOT supply?

A

*anterior 2/3 of cord

Does NOT supply posterior columns and horns

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21
Q

What are the branches of the anterior spinal artery?

A

Anterior central arteries - supply ventral horn

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22
Q

Where does the anterior spinal artery narrow?

A

Conus medullaris

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23
Q

Where is the conus medullaris located?

A

Inferior border of L1

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24
Q

From which arteries do the posterior spinal arteries arise?

A

Vertebral arteries - inferior to branching of anterior spinal arteries

25
Q

What portion of the spinal cord does the posterior spinal arteries supply?

A

Posterior 1/3 of cord

*either side of Posterolateral cord

26
Q

At what portion of the spine does the posterior spinal arteries begin to be fed by the radicular arteries?

A

Below the upper cervical region

27
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior spinal arteries below the upper cervical region?

A

Radicular arteries

28
Q

At what part of the spinal column does the posterior spinal arteries end?

A

Cauda equina

29
Q

What is the artery that creates a reinforcing network for the spinal cord?

A

Radicular arteries

30
Q

Where do the radicular arteries enter?

A

IVFs of sacrum foramina

31
Q

True or false: there are both anterior and posterior branches of the radicular arteries

A

True

32
Q

From which arteries do the radicular arteries develop?

A

Vertebral artery
Deep cervical/ascending artery
Posterior intercostals
Lumbar and lateral sacral arteries

33
Q

From what do lumbar arteries arise?

A

Abdominal aorta

34
Q

What is another name for the artery of adamkiewicz?

A

Arteries radicularis magna (ARM)

35
Q

What is the artery of adamkiewicz?

A

A large radicular artery

36
Q

From what does the artery of adamkiewicz generally arise?

A

Left posterior intercostals

37
Q

What percentage of artery of adamkiewicz arise from the right posterior intercostals?

A

~17%

38
Q

At what level does the artery of adamkiewicz generally enter?

A

T9-L3

39
Q

True or false: loss of one artery of the spinal cord can lead to widespread deficit in the thoracic spine

A

True

40
Q

True or false: drop in pressure for 3-5 minutes in small radicular arteries can result in necrosis of neurons

A

True

41
Q

True or false: radicular arteries supply the vertebrae, meninges, and the spinal cord

A

True

42
Q

What is the function of the denticulate ligament?

A

Holds spinal cord in central position

*creates floor or shelf-like support for nerve roots

43
Q

Between which two structures is the denticulate ligament?

A

Arachnoid mater and dura mater

44
Q

The denticulate ligament runs medial to lateral or lateral to medial?

A

Medial to lateral

45
Q

True or false: spinal veins are a network of anastomosing vessels that run the entire length of the spine

A

True

46
Q

What are batson’s venous plexus?

A

Plexus separate from veins of thoracic and abdominal cavities

47
Q

Do batson’s venous plexus have valves within the veins of the spinal column?

A

No

48
Q

What is the valsalva maneuver?

A

Bearing down or pretending you’re blowing up a balloon

49
Q

What does the valsalva maneuver cause?

A

An increase in intra-abdominal pressure

  • blood is shunted to venous system
  • Increases pressure in cord
  • could cause pain in disc herniation patients
50
Q

What blood returns via the baton’s venous plexus?

A

Blood from the pelvis and abdomen

51
Q

What are the divisions of the external venous plexus?

A

Anterior external venous plexus

Posterior external venous plexus

52
Q

With which veins do the anterior external venous plexus communicate?

A

Basivertebral and intervertebral veins

53
Q

From what structure does the anterior external venous plexus collect blood?

A

Vertebral body

54
Q

Where is the posterior external venous plexus located?

A

Posterior surface of vertebral arch and processes

55
Q

Where does the internal venous plexus lie?

A

Within the central canal btwn osseous structures and dura mater

56
Q

What are the main channels of the internal venous plexus?

A

Two anterior channels

Two posterior channels

57
Q

Where are the basivertebral veins located?

A

Network of veins within the vertebral body

58
Q

Is a Hahn’s venous cleft problematic?

A

No

59
Q

What do the intervertebral veins drain?

A

Spinal cord
Internal venous plexus
External venous plexus

Spine and Pelvis (10 decks)

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