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Spine and Pelvis > Posterior Muscles Of Back > Flashcards

Posterior Muscles Of Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general actions of the muscles of the back?

A

Extension and lateral flexion

Rotation from obliques

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2
Q

Are the muscles of the back primarily fast or slow twitch fibers?

A

Slow twitch - providing stability and endurance

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3
Q

True or false: Muscle atrophy follows an episode of back pain

A

True

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4
Q

What are three segmental muscle groups?

A

Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Rotatores

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5
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the interspinalis muscle group?

A

Connects one spinous process to the next

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6
Q

What is the action of the interspinalis muscle group?

A

Intersegmental extension

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7
Q

At which segments is the interspinalis muscle missing?

A

C1/2

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8
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the intertransversarii muscle group?

A

Connects transverse processes to each other

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9
Q

What is the action of the intertransversarii muscle group?

A

Lateral flexion

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10
Q

Between which segments are the intertransversarii muscles?

A

C1-T1

T10-S1

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11
Q

What is the origins and insertions of the rotatores muscle group?

A

Transverse process to spinous process base of level above

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12
Q

What is the action of the rotatores muscles of the back?

A

Segmental rotation

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13
Q

What are the overall actions of the segmental muscles of the back?

A

Provide intersegmental stability - support posture

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14
Q

What are the two muscles of the transversospinalis muscles?

A

Semispinalis

Multifidus

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15
Q

What are the three muscles of the semispinalis muscle group?

A

Thoracics
Cervicis
Capitus

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis thoracics?

A

O: TPs of T7-T12
I: SPs of upper thoracic and lower cervical

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17
Q

Of semispinalis thoracics and semispinalis cervicis, which muscle is thicker?

A

Semispinalis cervicis

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

A

O: TPs of T5-6
I: SPs C2-C5

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis capitus?

A

O: T1-6 TPs
C4-7 articular pillars
I: btwn superior/inferior nuchal lines of occiput

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20
Q

What is the general action of semispinalis?

A

Extension
Lateral flexion
Contralateral rotation
Acts on trunk, neck, individual spinal joints

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21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of multifidus?

A

O: Posterior sacrum
PSIS
L5 maxillary - C4 TPs
I: SPs 2-4 segments above origins

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22
Q

What are the actions of multifidus?

A 
Bilateral = extension
Unilateral = rotation to opposite side
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23
Q

What are the three muscles of the erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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24
Q

True or false: the erector spinae muscles are the largest muscle group of the back

A

True

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25
Q

True or false: the erector spinae have a vertical orientation

A

True

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26
Q

What are the actions of the erector spinae?

A 
Bilateral = extension
Unilateral = lateral flexion to ipsilateral side
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27
Q

What is the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group?

A

Iliocostalis

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28
Q

What are the muscles of the iliocostalis muscle group?

A

Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis cervicis

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29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

O: Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
I: lower borders of ribs 6/7-12

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30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

O: upper border/angels of ribs 7-12
I: lower borders/angles of ribs 1-6
TPs of C7

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31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis cervicis?

A

O: upper borders, angles of ribs 3-6
I: posterior tubercles of c4-6

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32
Q

What are the actions of the iliocostalis muscle group?

A

Bilateral: extension
Unilateral: lateral flexion

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33
Q

What are the muscles of the longissimus groups?

A

Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitus

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34
Q

What is the origin of the longissimus thoracis?

A

O: Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
I: ribs 3/4-12 and thoracic TPs

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35
Q

What is the origin of longissimus cervicis?

A

O: T1-4 TPs
I: C2-6 posterior tubercles

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36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of longissimus capitus?

A

O: T1-4/5 TPs
C4-7 articular pillars
I: posterior mastoids

37
Q

What is the action of longissimus capitus?

A

Unilateral: turns face to ipsilateral side

38
Q

What is the actions of longissimus thoracis and longissimus cervicis?

A

Extension

Lateral flexion

39
Q

What is the middle muscle of the erector spinae?

A

Longissimus

40
Q

What is the smallest and most medial muscle of the erector spinae?

41
Q

What are the muscles of the spinalis muscle group?

A

Spinalis Thoracis
Spinalis Cervicis
Spinalis capitus

42
Q

What is the origin and insertion of spinalis thoracis?

A

O: T11-T12 SP
I: T4-12 SP

43
Q

What is the origin and insertion of spinalis cervicis?

A

O: C7 SP
Lower nuchal ligament
I: C2-4 SP

44
Q

What is the origin and insertion of spinalis capitus?

A

O: C4-7 articular pillars
T1-6 TP
(Blends into semispinalis capitus)
I: btwn superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput

45
Q

What muscle group is the most superficial muscle group of the neck?

46
Q

What are the muscles of the splenius group?

A

Splenius cervicis

Splenius capitus

47
Q

What is the origin and insertion of splenius capitus?

A

O: T3-6 SPs
I: C1-3 posterior tubercles

48
Q

What is the action of the splenius cervicis?

A

Bilateral: extension of the head
Unilateral: rotation of head to ipsilateral side

49
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius capitis muscle?

A

O: C7-T3 SPs
Lower nuchal ligament
I: mastoid process
Below superior nuchal line of occiput

50
Q

What are the muscles of the subocciptal muscle group?

A

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
Oblique Capitus Inferior
Oblique Capitus Superior

51
Q

What are the actions of the suboccipital muscles?

A

Bilateral: extension of c0/c1 and c1/2
Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation

52
Q

What is the deepest muscle group of the upper cervical spine?

A

Suboccipital muscles

53
Q

To which muscle is the subocciptal muscles deep?

A

Semispinalis capitus

54
Q

What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitus posterior major?

A

O: C2 spinous process
I: lateral aspect of inferior nuchal line

55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitus posterior minor?

A

O: posterior tubercle of C1
I: medial aspect of inferior nuchal line

56
Q

Which muscle is the rectus capitus posterior minor most like?

A

Interspinalis

57
Q

What is the origin and insertion of oblique capitus inferior?

A

O: c2 SP
I: c1 TP

58
Q

What is the action of oblique capitus inferior?

A

Head rotation

59
Q

What is the origin and insertion of oblique capitus superior?

A

O: C1 TP
I: lateral aspect of occiput
Btwn superior/inferior nuchal lines

60
Q

What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Oblique Capitus Superior
Oblique Capitus Inferior
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major

61
Q

What nerve and artery are within the subocciptal triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve

62
Q

Which nerve innervates all suboccipitals?

A

Dorsal ramus of C1

63
Q

Which nerve passes under the oblique capitus inferior?

A

Greater occiptal nerve (c2/3)

64
Q

Which nerve is the ventral ramus of c2?

A

Inferior occipital nerve

65
Q

What are the superficial lateral cervical muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Levator scapula

66
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

O: manubrium/medial clavicle
I: mastoid process

67
Q

What is the action of the scm?

A

Bilateral: neck flexion
Unilateral: contralateral rotation

68
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapula?

A

O: TPs of C1
Posterior tubercles of C2-4
I: superior angle of scapula
Medial border of scapula to medial spine of scapula

69
Q

What are the actions of levator scapula?

A

Bilateral: neck extension
Unilateral: rotates and lateral flex to ipsilateral side
OR elevates and rotates scapula downwards

70
Q

What are the deep lateral vertebral muscles?

A

Scalenes

  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
71
Q

What are the actions of the scalenes?

A

Bilateral: raise 1st and 2nd ribs with forced inspiration
OR neck flexion
Unilateral: lateral flexion of neck

72
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the anterior scalene?

A

O: anterior tubercle of c3-6 TPs
I: scalene tubercle of 1st rib

73
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the middle scalene?

A

O: posterior tubercles of c3-7 TPs + c2 TP
I: 1st rib - posterior to ant scalene

74
Q

Which scalene is the largest and longest of the scalenes?

A

Middle Scalene

75
Q

Which structures pass between the anterior and middle scalenes?

A

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery

76
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the posterior scalene?

A

O: Posterior tubercles of C4-6 TPs
I: 2nd rib

77
Q

What are the deep anterior neck muscles?

A

Longus Coli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

78
Q

What is the deepest anterior neck muscle?

A

Longus Coli

79
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the upper fibers of Longus Coli?

A

O: TPs of C2-5
I: anterior tubercle of C1

80
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the vertical fibers of Longus Coli?

A

O: anterior and lateral surfaces of C5-T2 VB
I: anterior c2-4 VB

81
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the lower fibers of the Longus Coli?

A

O: anterior and lateral surfaces of t1-2 VB
I: TPs C5-6

82
Q

What is the main action of Longus Coli?

A

Neck flexion

83
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Longus capitis?

A

O: anterior tubercle of C6
I: basilar portion of occiput

84
Q

What is the action of Longus capitis?

A

Neck/head flexion

85
Q

What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitis anterior?

A

O: anterior surface lateral masses of c1
Root of c1 TPs
I: basilar portion of occiput

86
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitis anterior?

A

Flexion of the head

87
Q

What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

O: TPs of C1
I: jugular process of occiput

88
Q

What is the action of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Lateral flexion of head to ipsilateral side

Spine and Pelvis (10 decks)

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