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Posterior Muscles Of Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general actions of the muscles of the back?

A

Extension and lateral flexion

Rotation from obliques

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2
Q

Are the muscles of the back primarily fast or slow twitch fibers?

A

Slow twitch - providing stability and endurance

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3
Q

True or false: Muscle atrophy follows an episode of back pain

A

True

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4
Q

What are three segmental muscle groups?

A

Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Rotatores

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5
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the interspinalis muscle group?

A

Connects one spinous process to the next

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6
Q

What is the action of the interspinalis muscle group?

A

Intersegmental extension

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7
Q

At which segments is the interspinalis muscle missing?

A

C1/2

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8
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the intertransversarii muscle group?

A

Connects transverse processes to each other

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9
Q

What is the action of the intertransversarii muscle group?

A

Lateral flexion

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10
Q

Between which segments are the intertransversarii muscles?

A

C1-T1

T10-S1

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11
Q

What is the origins and insertions of the rotatores muscle group?

A

Transverse process to spinous process base of level above

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12
Q

What is the action of the rotatores muscles of the back?

A

Segmental rotation

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13
Q

What are the overall actions of the segmental muscles of the back?

A

Provide intersegmental stability - support posture

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14
Q

What are the two muscles of the transversospinalis muscles?

A

Semispinalis

Multifidus

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15
Q

What are the three muscles of the semispinalis muscle group?

A

Thoracics
Cervicis
Capitus

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis thoracics?

A

O: TPs of T7-T12
I: SPs of upper thoracic and lower cervical

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17
Q

Of semispinalis thoracics and semispinalis cervicis, which muscle is thicker?

A

Semispinalis cervicis

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

A

O: TPs of T5-6
I: SPs C2-C5

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis capitus?

A

O: T1-6 TPs
C4-7 articular pillars
I: btwn superior/inferior nuchal lines of occiput

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20
Q

What is the general action of semispinalis?

A

Extension
Lateral flexion
Contralateral rotation
Acts on trunk, neck, individual spinal joints

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21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of multifidus?

A

O: Posterior sacrum
PSIS
L5 maxillary - C4 TPs
I: SPs 2-4 segments above origins

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22
Q

What are the actions of multifidus?

A 
Bilateral = extension
Unilateral = rotation to opposite side
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23
Q

What are the three muscles of the erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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24
Q

True or false: the erector spinae muscles are the largest muscle group of the back

A

True

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25
True or false: the erector spinae have a vertical orientation
True
26
What are the actions of the erector spinae?
``` Bilateral = extension Unilateral = lateral flexion to ipsilateral side ```
27
What is the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group?
Iliocostalis
28
What are the muscles of the iliocostalis muscle group?
Iliocostalis Lumborum Iliocostalis thoracis Iliocostalis cervicis
29
What is the origin and insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum?
O: Thoracolumbar aponeurosis I: lower borders of ribs 6/7-12
30
What is the origin and insertion of the iliocostalis thoracis?
O: upper border/angels of ribs 7-12 I: lower borders/angles of ribs 1-6 TPs of C7
31
What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis cervicis?
O: upper borders, angles of ribs 3-6 I: posterior tubercles of c4-6
32
What are the actions of the iliocostalis muscle group?
Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion
33
What are the muscles of the longissimus groups?
Longissimus thoracis Longissimus cervicis Longissimus capitus
34
What is the origin of the longissimus thoracis?
O: Thoracolumbar aponeurosis I: ribs 3/4-12 and thoracic TPs
35
What is the origin of longissimus cervicis?
O: T1-4 TPs I: C2-6 posterior tubercles
36
What is the origin and insertion of longissimus capitus?
O: T1-4/5 TPs C4-7 articular pillars I: posterior mastoids
37
What is the action of longissimus capitus?
Unilateral: turns face to ipsilateral side
38
What is the actions of longissimus thoracis and longissimus cervicis?
Extension | Lateral flexion
39
What is the middle muscle of the erector spinae?
Longissimus
40
What is the smallest and most medial muscle of the erector spinae?
Spinalis
41
What are the muscles of the spinalis muscle group?
Spinalis Thoracis Spinalis Cervicis Spinalis capitus
42
What is the origin and insertion of spinalis thoracis?
O: T11-T12 SP I: T4-12 SP
43
What is the origin and insertion of spinalis cervicis?
O: C7 SP Lower nuchal ligament I: C2-4 SP
44
What is the origin and insertion of spinalis capitus?
O: C4-7 articular pillars T1-6 TP (Blends into semispinalis capitus) I: btwn superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput
45
What muscle group is the most superficial muscle group of the neck?
Splenius
46
What are the muscles of the splenius group?
Splenius cervicis | Splenius capitus
47
What is the origin and insertion of splenius capitus?
O: T3-6 SPs I: C1-3 posterior tubercles
48
What is the action of the splenius cervicis?
Bilateral: extension of the head Unilateral: rotation of head to ipsilateral side
49
What is the origin and insertion of the splenius capitis muscle?
O: C7-T3 SPs Lower nuchal ligament I: mastoid process Below superior nuchal line of occiput
50
What are the muscles of the subocciptal muscle group?
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor Oblique Capitus Inferior Oblique Capitus Superior
51
What are the actions of the suboccipital muscles?
Bilateral: extension of c0/c1 and c1/2 Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
52
What is the deepest muscle group of the upper cervical spine?
Suboccipital muscles
53
To which muscle is the subocciptal muscles deep?
Semispinalis capitus
54
What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitus posterior major?
O: C2 spinous process I: lateral aspect of inferior nuchal line
55
What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitus posterior minor?
O: posterior tubercle of C1 I: medial aspect of inferior nuchal line
56
Which muscle is the rectus capitus posterior minor most like?
Interspinalis
57
What is the origin and insertion of oblique capitus inferior?
O: c2 SP I: c1 TP
58
What is the action of oblique capitus inferior?
Head rotation
59
What is the origin and insertion of oblique capitus superior?
O: C1 TP I: lateral aspect of occiput Btwn superior/inferior nuchal lines
60
What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle?
Oblique Capitus Superior Oblique Capitus Inferior Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
61
What nerve and artery are within the subocciptal triangle?
Vertebral artery | Suboccipital nerve
62
Which nerve innervates all suboccipitals?
Dorsal ramus of C1
63
Which nerve passes under the oblique capitus inferior?
Greater occiptal nerve (c2/3)
64
Which nerve is the ventral ramus of c2?
Inferior occipital nerve
65
What are the superficial lateral cervical muscles?
Sternocleidomastoid | Levator scapula
66
What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
O: manubrium/medial clavicle I: mastoid process
67
What is the action of the scm?
Bilateral: neck flexion Unilateral: contralateral rotation
68
What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapula?
O: TPs of C1 Posterior tubercles of C2-4 I: superior angle of scapula Medial border of scapula to medial spine of scapula
69
What are the actions of levator scapula?
Bilateral: neck extension Unilateral: rotates and lateral flex to ipsilateral side OR elevates and rotates scapula downwards
70
What are the deep lateral vertebral muscles?
Scalenes - anterior - middle - posterior
71
What are the actions of the scalenes?
Bilateral: raise 1st and 2nd ribs with forced inspiration OR neck flexion Unilateral: lateral flexion of neck
72
What is the origin and insertion of the anterior scalene?
O: anterior tubercle of c3-6 TPs I: scalene tubercle of 1st rib
73
What is the origin and insertion of the middle scalene?
O: posterior tubercles of c3-7 TPs + c2 TP I: 1st rib - posterior to ant scalene
74
Which scalene is the largest and longest of the scalenes?
Middle Scalene
75
Which structures pass between the anterior and middle scalenes?
Brachial plexus and subclavian artery
76
What is the origin and insertion of the posterior scalene?
O: Posterior tubercles of C4-6 TPs I: 2nd rib
77
What are the deep anterior neck muscles?
Longus Coli Longus capitis Rectus capitis anterior Rectus capitis lateralis
78
What is the deepest anterior neck muscle?
Longus Coli
79
What are the origins and insertions of the upper fibers of Longus Coli?
O: TPs of C2-5 I: anterior tubercle of C1
80
What are the origins and insertions of the vertical fibers of Longus Coli?
O: anterior and lateral surfaces of C5-T2 VB I: anterior c2-4 VB
81
What are the origins and insertions of the lower fibers of the Longus Coli?
O: anterior and lateral surfaces of t1-2 VB I: TPs C5-6
82
What is the main action of Longus Coli?
Neck flexion
83
What is the origin and insertion of Longus capitis?
O: anterior tubercle of C6 I: basilar portion of occiput
84
What is the action of Longus capitis?
Neck/head flexion
85
What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitis anterior?
O: anterior surface lateral masses of c1 Root of c1 TPs I: basilar portion of occiput
86
What is the action of the rectus capitis anterior?
Flexion of the head
87
What is the origin and insertion of rectus capitis lateralis?
O: TPs of C1 I: jugular process of occiput
88
What is the action of rectus capitis lateralis?
Lateral flexion of head to ipsilateral side

Spine and Pelvis (10 decks)

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