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Spine and Pelvis > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae in an adult?

A

26

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2
Q

How many vertebrae in a child?

A

33

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3
Q

What many intervertebral discs?

A

23

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4
Q

What percentage of the spine’s height is from the intervertebral discs?

A

25%

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5
Q

What is the spine’s primary curve?

A

Kyphosis

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6
Q

What is the spine’s secondary curve?

A

Lordosis

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7
Q

In which regions of the spine do you find the primary curves?

A

Thoracic and Sacral

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8
Q

In which regions of the spine do you find the secondary curves?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

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9
Q

How many segments present in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar regions?

A

7,12,5

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10
Q

True or False: Cervical vertebral bodies are wider side to side that AP

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: Cervial vertebral bodies have superior and inferior endplates

A

True

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12
Q

True or False: Inferior endplates are convex side to side

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Inferior endplates are concave AP

A

True

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the uncovertebral joint?

A

Stabilize lateral flexion

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15
Q

What creates the uncoverterbal joints?

A

Uncinate processes

Semi-lunar Facet

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16
Q

From what degree to sagittal are the pedicles of the cervical vertebrae?

A

45

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17
Q

To which structure do the pedicles connect the vertebral body?

A

Articular pillars

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18
Q

In the cervical spine, what do the pedicles help create?

A

Bottom boundary of intervertebral foramen

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19
Q

How are the pedicles of the cervical spine different from the pedicles in the thoracic or lumbar spines?

A

Pedicles are circular - thoracic and lumbar pedicles are more ovoid

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20
Q

What shape are the transverse processes in the cervical spine?

A

Half-pipe shaped

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21
Q

What degree to sagittal are the transverse processes in the cervical spine?

A

60 degrees sagittal

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22
Q

What degree to transverse are the transverse processes in the cervical spine?

A

15 degrees transverse

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23
Q

What is another name for the uncovertebral joint?

A

Luschka Joint (joint of von luschka)

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24
Q

If disc height decreases at the uncovertebral joints, what is likely to start forming?

A

Osteophytes

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25
From where does the anterior root of the transverse processes arise?
Vertebral body
26
From where does the posterior root of the transverse process arise?
Articular pillar or pedicle
27
What purpose do the tubercles serve on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra?
Attachment sites for ligaments and muscles
28
What does the transverse foramen house within the cervical spine?
Vertebral Artery
29
What is the posterior ponticle?
The bony bridge on the atlas that covers the groove for the vertebral artery
30
The articular pillars transition into what two other landmarks in the thoracic and lumbar spines?
Superior articular process | Inferior articular process
31
Describe the directionality of the cervical facet joints.
Facet joints are 45 degrees to the transverse plane The superior facet joint faces upward and posterior The inferior facet joint face anterior and downward
32
At what degree to transverse are the facet joints in the cervical spine
45 degrees to transverse
33
What is a zygaphoysial joint?
Facet joints
34
What is another term for the facet joints?
Zygaphoysial Joints (z-joints)
35
What radiographic junction is created by the lamina?
Spinolaminar junction
36
Describe the shape of a lamina
Elongated oval
37
What is unique about the cervical spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?
Bifid for muscle attachment
38
True or False: the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae have a slight downward angle relative to the VB
True
39
What is the AP dimension of the central canal of c1
16mm
40
What is the AP dimension of the central canal of c2
14mm
41
What is the AP dimension of the central canal of c3
13mm
42
What is the AP dimension of the central canal of c4-c7
12mm
43
Describe Torg’s ratio.
The AP dimension of the central canal should be roughly 80% the diameter of the vertebral body of the vertebra.
44
What are the divisions of the atlas?
Anterior arch Posterior arch Lateral Mass
45
Which tubercle is located on the anterior arch of the atlas?
Anterior tubecle
46
What is posterior to the anterior tubercle?
Fovea Dens
47
What articulates with the odontoid process of c2?
Fovea dens
48
The fovea dens articulates with what portion of the axis?
Odontoid process
49
What articulates with the lateral masses of the atlas?
Occiput
50
Do the lateral masses have a convexity or concavity?
Concavity
51
True or false: the lateral masses are oval, sometimes waisted, with a long axis and angle inward
True
52
In which direction do the lateral masses slope?
From lateral to medial
53
True or false: the lateral masses have a tubercle for the transverse ligament
True
54
True or false: the posterior arch is larger than the anterior arch
True
55
What is accommodated by the groove of the posterior arch?
Vertebral artery Vertebral vein 1st cervical nerve
56
True or false: the posterior arch is most commonly fractured
True
57
What are the thirds in Steele’s law of thirds?
Spinal cord Dens Space
58
What divides the anterior 1/3 from the posterior 2/3 in the central canal?
Transverse ligament
59
What other purpose does the transverse ligament serve?
Stabilizes c1 and c2
60
What is another name for the axis?
Epistropheus
61
True or false: Superior portion of the axis is atypical and the inferior portion of the axis is typical.
True
62
True or false: the body of the axis is thicker top to bottom than AP
True
63
What would the odontoid process of the axis have been?
Body of c1
64
What is the purpose of the odontoid process of the axis?
Creates an axial pivot point for c1
65
True or false: the odontoid process tapers at the base for the transverse ligament
True
66
Which portion of the odontoid process of the axis articulates with the fovea dens of the atlas?
Anterior
67
Describe the pedicles of the axis
Short and stout Notched inferiorly for IVF Covered by superior facets
68
True or false: the c2 laminae are the largest in the cervical spine
True
69
What does the groove behind the superior facet accommodate?
C2 peripheral nerve
70
How do the transverse processes of the axis differ from those of c3-c7?
They are not bifid - only a single tubercle
71
True or false: the transverse processes of the axis project laterally and angle downward
True
72
True or false: the axis does not have articular pillars
True
73
Describe the region of the pars interarticularis of the axis
In-between the superior facet and inferior facet
74
True or false: the superior facet of the axis is anterior and the inferior facet of the axis is posterior
True
75
Describe the orientation of the superior facet of the axis
Anterior, facing upward and lateral
76
Describe the orientation of the inferior facet of the axis
Posterior, facing downward and lateral
77
True or false: the spinous process of the axis is the largest in the cervical spine
True
78
What cervical spinous process is referred to as the vertebra prominens?
C7
79
True or false: c7 has the second largest transverse processes of the cervical spine
True
80
What is missing from the transverse process of c7?
Anterior tubercle
81
The foramen of c7 transverse process is small and contains what?
Only the vertebral vein

Spine and Pelvis (10 decks)

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