Vascular Structures Flashcards
3 layers of vessels (and 2 things each is made of)
tunica intima: endothelial lining and elastic tissue
tunica media: elastic fibers and smooth muscle
tunica adventitia: elastic and collagen fibers
arterial walls are ___ than veins
thicker
which vessel maintains shape? which collapses?
arteries
veins
do veins or arteries caliber vary with respiration
veins
do A or V contain valves
veins
which blood flow is influenced by heart contractions
arterial blood flow
what blood flow is influenced by pressure gradients, breathing, and muscle contractions
venous blood flow
____ have a larger diameter than ____
veins
arteries
blood flow is slower in ____
veins
aorta is intra or retroperitoneal
retro
aorta pierces diaphragm at what spine level
T12
aorta is ___ to spine, ___ of midline
anterior
left
moving caudally, aorta becomes more ___ and ____
anterior
tapers
anterior to aorta (10)
crura, CA, lesser sac, SMA, LRV, pancreatic body, IMA, SV, SA, LLL
lateral to aorta (1)
crura
anteroleft to aorta (1)
GE junction
aortic branches (6)
CA
SMA
R/L renal
R/L gonadal
IMA
CIA
the CA is within the first __ of the abdominal aorta
2cm
3 branches of CA (R->L)
CHA
L gastric artery
SA
L gastric artery is or is not seen well on US
not
L gastric artery has an ___ and ___ course then _____ to _____ of the stomach
anterior
superior
descends
lesser curvature
CHA has a horizontal path to the ___
right
CHA is superior to ___
pancreatic head
CHA is anterior to ____
MPV
CHA splits into
GDA
HAP
HAP divides into R/L HA in the ____
liver
GDA is ________ in pancreatic ___
anterolateral
head
hepatic artery branches (3)
GDA
right gastric artery
cystic artery (arises from RHA)
ASK AS IM CONFUSED
what is the largest CA branch
splenic artery
SA is _____ and _____ to pancreas ____ and ____
posterior
superior
body
tail
SA supplies blood to
pancreas, spleen, stomach
SMA is ___ inferior to CA
1cm
SMA is post to __
pancreatic body
SMA anterior to
uncinate process (pancreas)
SMA supplies
large (R side) and small bowel
RRA is ____ to IVC and ____ than LRA
post
longer
IMA courses ___ and to the ___
inferior
left
IMA supplies
left trans, descending, and sigmoid colon + upper rectum
is IMA usually seen on US
no
aorta bifurcates at
L4
CIA’s course ___ and ___
inf
post
CIA are ____ and ___ to CIV
anterior
lateral
aortic AP measurement considered abnormal when
greater than 3cm
CIA AP measurement (male/female)
male: 1.4-1.5cm
female: 1.2cm
if you can see both LCIA and RCIA with long axis of aorta what view are you scanning from
coronal
patient prep for abdominal scan
overnight fast to decrease abdominal gas unless emergency
most common probe for aorta
2-6MHz (curvilinear)
union of CIV spine level
L5
when is an IVC considered dilated (AP)
> 2.5cm
RV _____ to RA
ant
RRV is ____ and ____ than LRV
shorter
lower
LRV is ___ to aorta, ____ to SMA
ant
post
R gonadal vein empties into
IVC
L gonadal vein empties into
LRV
lumber veins are _____ to spine, ____ to psoas
lateral
post
do hepatic veins have valves
no
HV best seen in what plane/transducer placed where/angle where
transverse
just inf to xiphoid
cephalad
MLF runs between what 2 things
GB neck and RPV
if you can see MLF what HV are you looking at
MHV
portal venous system drains blood from (4)
bowel
spleen
pancreas
GB/bile ducts
PV system does/does not connect directly to IVC
does/does not contain valves
does not x2
PV system formed by
SV, SMV, IMV
SV is ___ and ____ to ____ and ____ of pancreas
post
inf
body
tail
SV is ____ to aorta and SMA
anterior
what is an important landmark for identifying the pancreas neck
portal confluence
SMV originates from
the roof of the mesentery (post abdominal wall)
SMV is ant to the ______ of the pancreas
uncinate process
long axis SMV look like
hamburger
pancreas neck (bun)
SMV (burger)
uncinate (bun)
if you are looking at long axis SMV and see a short axis vessel anterior to it between SMV and MPV what is it and how do you know
CHA/HAP
because SMV on r side of body so it has to be CHA/HAP as SA is on the left side of the body
is IMV commonly seen on US
no
MPV confluence is posterior to _____
pancreatic neck
MPV AP measurement
<13mm
MPV supplies how much blood and oxygen to liver
70-80% of blood
50-60% of O2
LPV moves along _____ surface of caudate (and lig. venosum) then turns ____
ant
ant
when seeing IVC in long axis, what vessel is above (ant) to lig venosum
LPV
LPV divides into what branches
medial
lateral
RPV is ____ and ____ than LPV
shorter
fatter
RPV travels ____ and ____
posterior
caudal
RPV divides into what brnaches
anterior
posterior
RPV is long axis in what plane
transverse
do portal veins collapse
no
hepatic veins flow ____ from the liver
away
do hepatic veins collapse
they can with breath
renal artery is what resistance
low resistance
renal vein has ____ flow variations
phasic
portal veins are _______ (into liver)
hepatopedal
opposite of hepatopedal
hepatofugal
aorta has ____ resistance above the renals (within abdomen) and ) _____ resistance below the renals
moderate
high
