Abdominal Wall

Question 1

what is the main indication for getting an abdominal wall scan

Answer 1

palpable mass

Question 2

what type of transducer do you use for an abdominal wall scan

Answer 2

high frequency linear transducer

Question 3

what is a stand off pad

Answer 3

It is a pad to separate superficial structures from the transducer

Question 4

patient prep for abdominal wall scan

Answer 4

nothing

Question 5

3 abdominal wall layers

Answer 5

epidermis
subcutaneous tissue
muscle

Question 6

epidermis thickness

Answer 6

1-4mm

Question 7

epidermis is a hypoechoic layer T/F

Answer 7

F
highly reflective and appears echogenic

Question 8

what is the subcutaneous layer

Answer 8

fat

Question 9

the subcutaneous tissue is variable in thickness T/F

Answer 9

T

Question 10

the echogenicity of fat is influenced by ___

Answer 10

water content

Question 11

more water content in subcutaneous tissue = _____ echogenicity

Answer 11

increased

Question 12

subcutaneous tissue is typically ______ than muscle

Answer 12

less echogenic

Question 13

4 muscles making up the anterior and lateral abdominal wall

Answer 13

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverus abdominis

Question 14

posterior wall of the abdomen made up of what 2 muscles

Answer 14

psoas major
quadratus lumborum

Question 15

what are the paired midline anterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 15

rectus abdominis

Question 16

rectus abdominis extends from _______ and ____ to _____

Answer 16

symphysis pubis
pubic crest
xiphoid process

Question 17

what separates the rectus abdominis midline

Answer 17

linea alba

Question 18

rectus abdominis enclosed by

Answer 18

rectus sheath

Question 19

rectus formed by the aponeuroses of the ____, ____, and ____ abdominis

Answer 19

internal
external
trans

Question 20

rectus abdominis contains ___ tendinous insertions between the ____ and just inferior to the _____

Answer 20

3
xiphoid
umbilicus

Question 21

rectus abdominis is attached to rectus sheath ___

Answer 21

anteriorly

Question 22

rectus abdominis has _____ hematomas

Answer 22

localized

Question 23

linea alba is a ______ band

Answer 23

fibrous

Question 24

linea alba extends from ____ to the ____

Answer 24

xiphoid
symphysis

Question 25

linea alba is made from

Answer 25

the aponeuroses of the 3 anterolateral wall muscles

Question 26

linea alba is wider _____

Answer 26

above the umbilicus

Question 27

linea alba appearance sonographically

Answer 27

echogenic

Question 28

what is the arcuate line

Answer 28

the point between the umbilicus and symphysis where the post portion rectus sheath passes in front of the rectus muscle

Question 29

rectus abdominis aboce arcuate line have sheath where

Answer 29

ant and post

Question 30

rectus abdominis after rcuate line have sheath where

Answer 30

only ant

Question 31

what is the outer layer of the anterolateral wall

Answer 31

external oblique

Question 32

external oblique originates from the ____ surface of the ___

Answer 32

outer lower 8 ribs

Question 33

internal oblique lies deep to _____

Answer 33

external oblique

Question 34

what is the innermost layer of the lateral abdominal wall

Answer 34

transversus abdominis

Question 35

which lateral wall muscle is different in the way it runs

Answer 35

transversus abdominis runs transversely others runs diagonally 90 degrees to each other

Question 36

muscles are _____ to ____ (echogenicity)

Answer 36

hypoechoic sonolucent

Question 37

muscles are ____ refelctors

Answer 37

specular

Question 38

3 post wall abdominal muscles

Answer 38

psoas major quadratus lumborum iliacus

Question 39

shape of psoas muscle

Answer 39

fan shaped

Question 40

quadratus lumborum is ____ to psoas

Answer 40

posterolateral

Question 41

iliacus originates at the ____, ____ and ___

Answer 41

iliac fossa sacrum SI joints

Question 42

quadratus lumborum is _____ to kidney

Answer 42

directly post

Question 43

iliacus inserts into the ____ and _____

Answer 43

psoas major lesser trochanters

Question 44

what are the two openings of the inguinal canal

Answer 44

deep inguinal ring superficial inguinal ring

Question 45

deep ring of inguinal canal is an opening at the _____ end located midway between the ____ and ____

Answer 45

sup ASIS symphysis

Question 46

ASIS

Answer 46

ant sup iliac spine (sticky outy thing in front of hips)

Question 47

deep ring of inguinal canal ____ to femoral vessels

Answer 47

ant

Question 48

deep ring of inguinal canal is a defect in ______

Answer 48

transversalis fascia

Question 49

superficial ring of inguinal canal is an opening at the _____ end through ______

Answer 49

inferior external obloque aponeurosis

Question 50

the inguinal canal contains ____ (males) and _____ (females)

Answer 50

spermatic cord round lig

Question 51

3 groups of muscle fibers of diaphragm

Answer 51

lumbar spine lower sternum lower 6 ribs

Question 52

what makes up the lumbar spine muscle fibers of diaphragm

Answer 52

2 crura (R/L)

Question 53

2 crura join in midline to form

Answer 53

arcuate ligametns

Question 54

right crux is ___ than left

Answer 54

wider

Question 55

diaphragm inserts into the _____

Answer 55

central tendon

Question 56

crura is a thing ____ (echogenicity) band

Answer 56

hypo

Question 57

crura is ___ to aorta above CA

Answer 57

ant

Question 58

crura is ___ to aorta at CA

Answer 58

lateral

Question 59

crura is ____ to IVC

Answer 59

post

Question 60

how to view pleural space abdominally (2 organs)

Answer 60

liver spleen

Question 61

mirror image artifact = evidence of _____

Answer 61

absence of pleural fluid

Question 62

diaphragm should be less than or equal to ____ thick

Answer 62

5mm

Question 63

pleural space si within ____ of rib interface

Answer 63

1cm

Question 64

visceral pleura

Answer 64

bright linear interface moves with respiration (gliding sign)

Question 65

parietal pleura

Answer 65

weak echogenic line or obscurred hypoechoic separation of parietal and visceral pleura

Question 66

gliding sign

Answer 66

movement of visceral pleura back and forth with breathing