Abdominal Wall Flashcards
what is the main indication for getting an abdominal wall scan
palpable mass
what type of transducer do you use for an abdominal wall scan
high frequency linear transducer
what is a stand off pad
It is a pad to separate superficial structures from the transducer
patient prep for abdominal wall scan
nothing
3 abdominal wall layers
epidermis
subcutaneous tissue
muscle
epidermis thickness
1-4mm
epidermis is a hypoechoic layer T/F
F
highly reflective and appears echogenic
what is the subcutaneous layer
fat
the subcutaneous tissue is variable in thickness T/F
T
the echogenicity of fat is influenced by ___
water content
more water content in subcutaneous tissue = _____ echogenicity
increased
subcutaneous tissue is typically ______ than muscle
less echogenic
4 muscles making up the anterior and lateral abdominal wall
rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverus abdominis
posterior wall of the abdomen made up of what 2 muscles
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
what are the paired midline anterior abdominal wall muscles
rectus abdominis
rectus abdominis extends from _______ and ____ to _____
symphysis pubis
pubic crest
xiphoid process
what separates the rectus abdominis midline
linea alba
rectus abdominis enclosed by
rectus sheath
rectus formed by the aponeuroses of the ____, ____, and ____ abdominis
internal
external
trans
rectus abdominis contains ___ tendinous insertions between the ____ and just inferior to the _____
3
xiphoid
umbilicus
rectus abdominis is attached to rectus sheath ___
anteriorly
rectus abdominis has _____ hematomas
localized
linea alba is a ______ band
fibrous
linea alba extends from ____ to the ____
xiphoid
symphysis
linea alba is made from
the aponeuroses of the 3 anterolateral wall muscles
linea alba is wider _____
above the umbilicus
linea alba appearance sonographically
echogenic
what is the arcuate line
the point between the umbilicus and symphysis where the post portion rectus sheath passes in front of the rectus muscle
rectus abdominis aboce arcuate line have sheath where
ant and post
rectus abdominis after rcuate line have sheath where
only ant
what is the outer layer of the anterolateral wall
external oblique
external oblique originates from the ____ surface of the ___
outer
lower 8 ribs
internal oblique lies deep to _____
external oblique
what is the innermost layer of the lateral abdominal wall
transversus abdominis
which lateral wall muscle is different in the way it runs
transversus abdominis runs transversely
others runs diagonally 90 degrees to each other
muscles are _____ to ____ (echogenicity)
hypoechoic
sonolucent
muscles are ____ refelctors
specular
3 post wall abdominal muscles
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
iliacus
shape of psoas muscle
fan shaped
quadratus lumborum is ____ to psoas
posterolateral
iliacus originates at the ____, ____ and ___
iliac fossa
sacrum
SI joints
quadratus lumborum is _____ to kidney
directly post
iliacus inserts into the ____ and _____
psoas major
lesser trochanters
what are the two openings of the inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring
superficial inguinal ring
deep ring of inguinal canal is an opening at the _____ end located midway between the ____ and ____
sup
ASIS
symphysis
ASIS
ant sup iliac spine (sticky outy thing in front of hips)
deep ring of inguinal canal ____ to femoral vessels
ant
deep ring of inguinal canal is a defect in ______
transversalis fascia
superficial ring of inguinal canal is an opening at the _____ end through ______
inferior
external obloque
aponeurosis
the inguinal canal contains ____ (males) and _____ (females)
spermatic cord
round lig
3 groups of muscle fibers of diaphragm
lumbar spine
lower sternum
lower 6 ribs
what makes up the lumbar spine muscle fibers of diaphragm
2 crura (R/L)
2 crura join in midline to form
arcuate ligametns
right crux is ___ than left
wider
diaphragm inserts into the _____
central tendon
crura is a thing ____ (echogenicity) band
hypo
crura is ___ to aorta above CA
ant
crura is ___ to aorta at CA
lateral
crura is ____ to IVC
post
how to view pleural space abdominally (2 organs)
liver spleen
mirror image artifact = evidence of _____
absence of pleural fluid
diaphragm should be less than or equal to ____ thick
5mm
pleural space si within ____ of rib interface
1cm
visceral pleura
bright linear interface
moves with respiration (gliding sign)
parietal pleura
weak echogenic line or obscurred
hypoechoic separation of parietal and visceral pleura
gliding sign
movement of visceral pleura back and forth with breathing
