The Prostate Flashcards
prostate is _____ to bladder
inf
prostate surrounds bladder ____ and _____ urethra
neck
proximal
prostate ____ to symphysis
post
levator ani muscles are ______ to prostate
posterolateral
prostate apex is _____, and base is _____
caudal
cephalic
prostate has an _____ shape
ovoid
prostate:
length ___
width ____
AP _______
3-3.5cm
4cm
2-2.5cm
weight (volume) of prostate up to 50 years
20g (20cc)
weight (volume) of prosate over 50 years
<40g (40cc)
prostate two material
fibromuscular
glandular
is prostate an organ
yes
prostate produces and secretes an ______ fluid
alkaline
alkaline fluid from prostate makes up ____ of semen volume
1/3
alkaline fluid from prostate aids in
sperm motility and sperm activation
alkaline fluid from prostate neutralized acidity in
vagina, uterus, tubes
prostate produces PSA (what does this stand for) that ______ with age
prostate specific antigen
increases
how many zones in prostate
4
the zones of the prostate are positioned in relationship to the _____ and ____
urethra
ejaculatory duct
4 zones of prostate
peripheral
transitional
central
periurethral
what is the largest zone of the prostate
peripheral zone
most prostate cancers (____%) occur in what zone of the prostate
70%
peripheral
peripheral zone surrounds
distal urethra
______ separates peripheral zone from the TZ and CZ
surgical capsule
TZ/CZ mean
transitional zone
central zone
peripheral zone occupies what 3 aspects of prostate
posterior, lateral, and apical
does peripheral zone have BPH
no
the transitional zone is 2 small lobes on each side of the _____
proximal urethra
where does BPH originate
transitional zone
ejaculatory ducts enter proximal urethra at level of _____
verumontanum
central zone is the ____ of the prostate
base
______ travel through the central zone
ejaculatory ducts
what zone is resistant to disease
central zone
central zone terminates near____
verumontanum
periurethral glandular area makes up ___% of gland volume
1
periurethral glandular area is embedded in _____ of _____
smooth muscle
proximal urethra
periurethral glandular area AKA
internal prostatic sphincter
fibromuscular stroma is the ____ surface of the prostate
anterior
fibromuscular stroma makes up ____ of the prostate
1/3
fibromuscular stroma of prostate made up of ____ and ____
smooth muscle
connective tissue
seminal vesicles are ____ to bladder and ____ to prostate
post
sup
vas deferens join with the seminal vesicles and form the _____
ejaculatory ducts
ED empty into the ____
urethra
prostate is ___ to ____ level echoes
low
moderate
the echogenic interface seen centrally on the prostate on a TA US
urethra
TRUS can be ____ or ____ firing
side
end
___ to ___ MHz or higher for TRUS
7-10
what should you inquire about before doing a TRUS
latex allergies
TRUS position
LLD, legs bent to chest
_____ prefomed prior to TRUS
DRE
DRE
digital rectal exam
TRUS orientation with rectum at ____ of image
bottom
looks opposite to transvaginal`
in. tranverse TRUS the ______ is at the top of the image
anterior abdomina wall
the surgical capsule appears as a ____
hypoechoic line
central zone is ____ or _____ to peripheral zone
hyperechoic
isoechoic
transtional zone is _____ to peripheral zone
isoechoic
transitional zone is _____ with BPH
hypoechoic
copora amylacea
calcified deposits that may occur within the prostate
appearance: echogenic foci
periurethral glands are _____ (echogenicity) and blend with the ____. more prominant in ____ (age)
hypoechoic
urethra
young men
anterior fribromusuclar stroma is _____ compared to peripheral zone
hypoechoic
is PSA only made by prostate
almosty exclusively made by prostate
PSA is an
enzyme`
PSA secreted through ducts in the ____
prostate
elevated PSA = (3)
BPH, infection, CA
normal PSA levels
< 4 ng/mL
____ of men with increased PSA do not have cancer
2/3
PSA density is ______/_____
serum PSA level/prostate volume
cancerous tissue produces ____ PSA
more
biopsy of PSA density ____
> 1.2
acid phosphatase is found in the ____ and ___
prostate
semen
acid phosphatase increases in carcinoma that _____
spreads outside the capsule
alkaline phosphatase is produced in
bone
alkaline phosphatase increases in
bone metastases
if acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphates are both high =
caner started in prostate and has spread to bone
what arteries supply the prostate (2)
prostaticovesical arteries
branches of IIA
benign ductal ectasia (what, echogenicity, mistaken for)
1-2mm tubular structures in the PZ
hypoechoic
can be mistaken for prostate cancer
calcification in the prostate appear _____ in appearance than malignant
coarser
