The Prostate Flashcards by Kate Grimeau

prostate is _____ to bladder

inf

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prostate surrounds bladder ____ and _____ urethra

neck
proximal

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prostate ____ to symphysis

post

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levator ani muscles are ______ to prostate

posterolateral

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prostate apex is _____, and base is _____

caudal
cephalic

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prostate has an _____ shape

ovoid

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prostate:
length ___
width ____
AP _______

3-3.5cm
4cm
2-2.5cm

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weight (volume) of prostate up to 50 years

20g (20cc)

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weight (volume) of prosate over 50 years

<40g (40cc)

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prostate two material

fibromuscular
glandular

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is prostate an organ

yes

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prostate produces and secretes an ______ fluid

alkaline

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alkaline fluid from prostate makes up ____ of semen volume

1/3

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alkaline fluid from prostate aids in

sperm motility and sperm activation

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alkaline fluid from prostate neutralized acidity in

vagina, uterus, tubes

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prostate produces PSA (what does this stand for) that ______ with age

prostate specific antigen
increases

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how many zones in prostate

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the zones of the prostate are positioned in relationship to the _____ and ____

urethra
ejaculatory duct

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4 zones of prostate

peripheral
transitional
central
periurethral

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what is the largest zone of the prostate

peripheral zone

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most prostate cancers (____%) occur in what zone of the prostate

70%
peripheral

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peripheral zone surrounds

distal urethra

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______ separates peripheral zone from the TZ and CZ

surgical capsule

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TZ/CZ mean

transitional zone
central zone

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peripheral zone occupies what 3 aspects of prostate

posterior, lateral, and apical

does peripheral zone have BPH

the transitional zone is 2 small lobes on each side of the _____

proximal urethra

where does BPH originate

transitional zone

ejaculatory ducts enter proximal urethra at level of _____

verumontanum

central zone is the ____ of the prostate

base

______ travel through the central zone

ejaculatory ducts

what zone is resistant to disease

central zone

central zone terminates near____

verumontanum

periurethral glandular area makes up ___% of gland volume

periurethral glandular area is embedded in _____ of _____

smooth muscle proximal urethra

periurethral glandular area AKA

internal prostatic sphincter

fibromuscular stroma is the ____ surface of the prostate

fibromuscular stroma makes up ____ of the prostate

1/3

fibromuscular stroma of prostate made up of ____ and ____

smooth muscle connective tissue

seminal vesicles are ____ to bladder and ____ to prostate

post sup

vas deferens join with the seminal vesicles and form the _____

ejaculatory ducts

ED empty into the ____

urethra

prostate is ___ to ____ level echoes

low moderate

the echogenic interface seen centrally on the prostate on a TA US

urethra

TRUS can be ____ or ____ firing

side end

___ to ___ MHz or higher for TRUS

7-10

what should you inquire about before doing a TRUS

latex allergies

TRUS position

LLD, legs bent to chest

_____ prefomed prior to TRUS

DRE

digital rectal exam

TRUS orientation with rectum at ____ of image

bottom looks opposite to transvaginal`

in. tranverse TRUS the ______ is at the top of the image

anterior abdomina wall

the surgical capsule appears as a ____

hypoechoic line

central zone is ____ or _____ to peripheral zone

hyperechoic isoechoic

transtional zone is _____ to peripheral zone

isoechoic

transitional zone is _____ with BPH

hypoechoic

copora amylacea

calcified deposits that may occur within the prostate appearance: echogenic foci

periurethral glands are _____ (echogenicity) and blend with the ____. more prominant in ____ (age)

hypoechoic urethra young men

anterior fribromusuclar stroma is _____ compared to peripheral zone

hypoechoic

is PSA only made by prostate

almosty exclusively made by prostate

PSA is an

enzyme`

PSA secreted through ducts in the ____

prostate

elevated PSA = (3)

BPH, infection, CA

normal PSA levels

< 4 ng/mL

____ of men with increased PSA do not have cancer

2/3

PSA density is ______/_____

serum PSA level/prostate volume

cancerous tissue produces ____ PSA

biopsy of PSA density ____

>1.2

acid phosphatase is found in the ____ and ___

prostate semen

acid phosphatase increases in carcinoma that _____

spreads outside the capsule

alkaline phosphatase is produced in

bone

alkaline phosphatase increases in

bone metastases

if acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphates are both high =

caner started in prostate and has spread to bone

what arteries supply the prostate (2)

prostaticovesical arteries branches of IIA

benign ductal ectasia (what, echogenicity, mistaken for)

1-2mm tubular structures in the PZ hypoechoic can be mistaken for prostate cancer

calcification in the prostate appear _____ in appearance than malignant

coarser