Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
esophagus pierces diaphragm at
T10
esophagus is ___ to aorta
ant
esophagus enters ____ aspect of stomach (what part of stomach ___)
superomedial
cardia
GE junction
junction of greater and lesser curvatures of stomach
stomach is in the _____ and _____ regions
hypochondrium
epigastric
stomach is intra/retroperitoneal
intra
lower aspect of stomach crosses midline and terminates at the ____
duodenum
4 parts of stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
cardia
surrounds lower esophageal sphincter
fundus of stomach
rounded superior portion
left of cardia
body of stomach
largest central portion
pylorus of stomach
distal aspect and empties stomach
just right of ML
ML
midline
two curvatures of the stomach
lesser: concave and medial
greater: convex and lateral
small bowel is _____ in length
5-6m
3 parts of SI
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
duodenum (size, width, how many parts)
shortest
widest
4 parts
what is the most fixed portion of the small bowel
duodenum
first part of duodenum (AKA, intra/retroP)
superior/bulb
intraperitoneal
first part of duodenum runs up and back to about the level of ____
GB neck
2nd part of duodenum is retroperitoneal intra/retro/AKA
retroperitoneal
descendign
where doe CBD and pacreatic duct insert into duodenum
2nd part
3rd part dudoenum AKA intr/retro
transverse
retroperitoneal
4th part duodenum AKA intra/retro
ascending
retro
4th part of duodenum runs superior and to the __
left
jejunum is intra/retroP
intraperitoneal
jejunum mainly in _____ and ____ region
umbilical
left iliac region
what is the longest portion of SI
ileum
what regions (4) is ileum in
umbilical
hypogastric
right iliac
pelvic
what is the joint between ileum and LI known as
ileocecal sphincter
ileum is anchored by
mesentery
large bowel is ____ in length
about 2m
5 divisions of LI
cecum
colon (asc/trans/des)
sigmoid
rectum
anal canal
cecum is ____ ileocecal sphincter
below
cecum in what what region/quadrant
RLQ/rigth iliac region
what extends from inferior portion of cecum
appendix
ascending colon intra/retroP
retroperitoneal
ascending colonfrom ____ to visceral surface of _____
right iliac fossa
right lobe
what is the flexure after asc colon called
hepatic flexure
trans colon intra/retroP
intraperitoneal
trans colon is ____ to duodenum
anterior
trans colon bends downward just inferior to ___ (____ felxure)
spleen
splenic
descednign colon intra/retroP
retroperitoneal
what portion of colon extends over pelvic brim
des colon
terminal end of colon
sigmoid
sigmoid projects ___ toward midlne and sits ___ to rectum
inwards
ant
what portion of GI descends into true pelvis
rectum
when does rectum become anal canal
when rectum penetrates the levator ani = anal canal
4 layers of GI tract inner to outer
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
mucosa made of (3)
epothelial lining, connective tissue and. muscle
function of mucosa
protects absorbs secretes
submocusoa made up of (3)
CT BV lymphatics
2 function of submucosa
nourishes surrounding tissue, transport nutrients
muscularis made up of
muscle (circular and longitudinal)
muscularis responsible for
movement of tube and contents
serosa is what
outer protective lyer
the distinct layered appearance of gut on US is due to _______ of the histological layers of GI tract
different acoustic properties
lumen (not a true histological layer) on US looks like
hyperechoic
mucosa on US
hypoechoic
submucosa on US
hyperechoic
muscularis on US
hypoechoic
serosa on US
hyperechoic
stomahc has folds callled
rgae
rugae are ____ to long axis and disappear when
parallel
in a distended state
valvulae conniventes (what, how far apart, most prominent where)
visible ned of SI whe distended
3-5mm apart
most prominent in duodenum
large bowel has ____ that are ____ apart
haustral marking
3-5cm
wall thickness of GI distended vs nondistended
3mm
vs
5mm
SI has ____ sign and colon has ___ markings
keyboard
haustral
primary functions of GI (2)
digestion absorption
is the GI tract and endocrine organ
yes
injestion of food stimulates release of hormones from the _____ in the ___
endocrine cells
mucosa
3 GI hormones
gastrin CCK secretin
gastrin released by/stimulates
released by stomach
stimulates secretion of gastric acid
CCK released by/stimulates
released by duodenum
controls GB contraction
secretin released by/stimulates
released by duodenum
stimulates secretion of bicarbonate
what supplies SI/LI
celiac, sup, and inf mesenteric arteries
venous return from SI/LI empties into
the portal venous system
____ supply and drain the stomach
gastric artery and vein
3 things we asses on US for bowel/colon
assess diameter, content, and motor activity
if wall thicken symmetrically
vs
asymmetrically
inflammation
vs
malignancy
excessive amount of fluid in the lumen of GI can mean (3)
hypersecretion
mechanical obstruction
paralytic ileus
activity of GI tract increased with
mechanical bowel obstruction/inflammation
activity of GI tract decreased with
paralytic ileus/end-stage mechanical obstruction
sonographic prep
normal gut should __
compress
use _____ compression for US
slow graded
