Pancreas

Question 1

pancreas starts as ___ separate pieces that fuse together

Answer 1

2

Question 2

pancreas is intra/retroperitoneal

Answer 2

retro

Question 3

pancreas lies in the (9 segments of the body)

Answer 3

epigastrium
left hypochondrium

Question 4

pancreas is _____ to lesser sac, stomach, left lobe of liver

Answer 4

posterior

Question 5

pancreas lies in the ____ ______ space (retroperitoneum)

Answer 5

anterior
pararenal

Question 6

head of pancreas sits in the ____ of the duodenum

Answer 6

c loop

Question 7

pancreas extends from the _____ to the _____

Answer 7

duodenal loop
splenic hilum

Question 8

thin patient = head and tail more ____ to body and neck
increased retroperitoneal fat: all parts of panc = ____

Answer 8

posterior
same depth

Question 9

length of panc

Answer 9

12-15cm

Question 10

AP dimensions of each part

Answer 10

Head: 2-3 cm
body: 2-3 cm
neck: 1.5-2.5 cm
tail: 1-2 cm

Question 11

shapes of panc (4)

Answer 11

comma
sausage
dumbbell
tadpole

Question 12

panc head:
_____ to duodenum
_____ to IVC
_____ LRV
_____ to portal confluence
_____ to PV
_____ to stomach
_____ to HA

Answer 12

medial
anterior
anterior
lateral
inferior
posterior
inferior

Question 13

panc head
____ anterolateral
____ posterolateral

Answer 13

GDA
CBD

Question 14

Uncinate= _____ to SMV and possible SMA

Answer 14

posterior

Question 15

panc neck:
____ to SMV/portal confluence
____ to CHA

Answer 15

anterior
inferior

Question 16

panc body:
_____ to aorta
_____ LRV
_____ SV
_____ SMA
_____ CA
_____ SA

Answer 16

anterior
anterior
anterior
anterior
inferior
inferior

Question 17

pan tail:
_____ to left adrenal
_____ to aorta
SA covers _____ border
SV covers _____ border

Answer 17

anterior
left
posterior/superior
posterior/inferior

Question 18

duct of Wirsung (what, joins what/where, diameter)

Answer 18

main pancreatic duct
joins with CBD and enter ampulla of Vater
diameter should not exceed 2mm

Question 19

duct of Santorini (what, enters what/where)

Answer 19

accessory duct
enters duodenum 2cm prox to main duct at minor duodenal papilla

Question 20

the panc has both ____ and ____ functions

Answer 20

endocrine
exocrine

Question 21

____ of panc tissue has exocrine function (____ and ____ cells)

Answer 21

80 percent
ductal
acini

Question 22

endocrine =
exocrine =
(panc)

Answer 22

hormonal
digestive

Question 23

pancreatic juice composed of (4)

Answer 23

enzymes
water
bicarbonate
salts

Question 24

digestive enzymes in panc juice include (3)

Answer 24

amylase: acts on carbs
tripase: acts on fats
sodium bicarbonate: neutralizes HCL

Question 25

what triggers the release of pancreatic juices

Answer 25

food ingested into the duodenum stimulates the release of 2 hormones: secretin and CCK

Question 26

secretin stimulates: CCK stimulates:

Answer 26

production of sodium bicarbonate acinar cells to produce digestive enzymes (also stimulates GB to contract/release bile)

Question 27

the _______ produce hormones (panc) which are released into the _____

Answer 27

islets of Langerhans bloodstream

Question 28

islets of langerhans are more numerous in pancreatic ____

Answer 28

tail

Question 29

3 types of cells in endocrine function of panc

Answer 29

alpha: produce glucagon beta: produce insulin delta: produce somatostatin The first 2 maintain glucose levels

Question 30

Lab test: serum amylase (panc)

Answer 30

obstruction/necrosis can cause amylase to leak into the tissue spaces in the bloodstream (not specific to panc)

Question 31

lab test: lipase (panc)

Answer 31

excreted in panc only increased in inflammatory conditions and some neoplasms

Question 32

lab tests: glucose (panc) (increased and decreased)

Answer 32

increase = diabetes chronic liver/panc disease decrease: tumors of the islets of langerhans, hypoglycemia

Question 33

what arteries supply the panc (2)

Answer 33

pancreaticoduodenal arteries splenic artery

Question 34

anterior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supple the ____ and part of ____

Answer 34

head duodenum

Question 35

spenic artery supplies the ____ and ___

Answer 35

body tail

Question 36

patient prep for kindey scan

Answer 36

NPO 6-12 hours before no smoking/gum scheduled in am (air ingested later)

Question 37

patient position for panc scan

Answer 37

supine

Question 38

use ____ as a window for panc

Answer 38

left lobe of liver

Question 39

transverse plane at _____, ____ angulation, slightly ____ orientation (panc)

Answer 39

xiphoid caudal oblique

Question 40

sonographic appearance of panc: hetero/homogenous slightly ____ than liver hypo/hyper/isoechoic to liver ducts may be visualized in the panc ___

Answer 40

homogenous coarser isoechoic to slightly more echogenic than liver body

Question 41

collapsed ______ may minic panc duct

Answer 41

pylorus

Question 42

panc duct seen as a "_______"

Answer 42

double parallel line