Vascular: Peripheral Arterial Disease Flashcards
1
Q
symptoms of peripheral arterial disease
A
- intermittent claudication
- rest pain (worse at night) in the toes
2
Q
causes and risk factors of PAD
A
- artherosclerosis
- smoking
- diabetes
- hypertension
- hyperlipidaemia
3
Q
what is critical limb threatening ischaemia?
A
when the ischaemia is so extensive that there is a high risk of limb amputation
4
Q
features of CLTI
A
- gangrene
- tissue loss
- rest pain
5
Q
where would the claudication pain be?
A
distal to the obstruction
6
Q
characteristics of the rest pain
A
- appears at night
- relieved by walking
- relieved by hanging the leg from the bed
7
Q
clinical examination of PAD
A
- change in colout
- compare sides
- check for ulcers
- check temperature and pulses
- bruits
- Buerger’s test
8
Q
what is the normal ABPI ratio?
A
1 (the smaller the number, the more severe the PAD)
9
Q
what type of a waveform on Doppler indicates that the vessels are relatively healthy?
A
triphasic
10
Q
what makes it more difficult to visualise an ultrasound image?
A
- body habitus
- calcification
- air
11
Q
what do you use digital subtraction angiography do?
A
- bleeding
- thrombosis
- occlusion
- dissection
- embolisation
- infection
12
Q
what type of amputations are there?
A
- digit amputation
- below-knee amputation
- above-knee amputation
