Cardio: Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
what are the valves called/
- mitral valve
- tricuspid valve
- aortic valve
- pulmonary valve
where are these valves found?
in the skeleton of the heart, where the valve are found in one plane
which conditions fall under the umbrella term?
- aortic stenosis
- aortic regurgitation
- mitral stenosis
- mitral regurgitation
- pulmonary stenosis/atresia
- tricuspid regurgitation
how can you fix a valve
- valve repair
- valve replacement
what are the main types of valves?
- mechanical
- bioprosthetic
what are the mechanical types of valves?
- ball and cage
- single disc
- bileaflet
what are the bioprosthetic types of valves?
- stented pericardial
- stented porcine
- sutureless (surgical or TAVI)
- stentless valve
- homograft
what happens in aortic stenosis?
- blood is not let out of the ventricle
what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
- degenerative disease
- aortic bicuspid valve
- pseudobicuspid
- postinflammatory conditions
what happens in aortic bicupsid valves?
- the leaflet degenerate earlier and thus, are likely to cause problems and are intervened upon earlier
what are aortic pseudobicuspid?
when 2 leaflets of the valve fuse together due to calcification; this is seen as a bicuspid valve on echo
what are the cardinal symptoms of aortic stenosis?
- angina
- syncope
- shortness of breath
- sudden death
what are the signs of aortic stenosis?
- slow rising arterial pulse
- aortic systolic murmur
- LVH with strain on ECG
- gradient across the valve on Echo
- catheterisation
treatment of aortic stenosis
- aortic valve repair
- aortic valve replacement (bioprosthesis, mechanical prosthesis, homograft)
management of a replaced valve
- anticoagulation (warfarin for mechnical, aspirin for bioprosthetic valve)
