Urology: Cystic Kidney Disease Flashcards
1
Q
why is cystic kidney disease important?
A
it is a differential diagnosis to renal tumours
- increased risk for renal tumours
2
Q
symptoms of cystic kidney disease
A
- mostly asymptomatic
- pain
- haematuria
3
Q
what is cystic degeneration?
A
the formation of multiple cysts which enlarge with time
4
Q
what is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
A
- inherited disorder
- characterised by the development of multiple renal cysts
- associated with extrarenal abnormalities in the liver, brain, heart etc
5
Q
signs and symptoms/associations of ADPKD
A
- renal enlargement with cysts
- abdominal loin pain
- haematuria
- cyst infection
- renal calculi
- hypertension
- progressive renal failure
6
Q
how is ADPKD diagnosed?
A
- physical examination findings are of a large, irregular kidney and possible hepatomegaly
- ultrasound examination
7
Q
differential diagnosis of ADPKD
A
- tuberous sclerosis
- von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
- multicystic dysplastic kidney
- juvenile nephronophthisis
- glomerulocystic kidney disease
- acquired cystic disease
- renal cell carcinoma
8
Q
other types of polycystic kidney disease
A
- autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- medullary cystic disease
9
Q
clinical manifestation of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
A
- infancy
- multiple renal cysts
- congenital hepatic fibrosis
10
Q
what is medullary cystic disease
A
- inherited disorder of tubular loss and medullary cyst formation
- signs: shrunken kidneys, cysts restricted to the renal medulla, salt wasting, polyuria, polydipsia, enuresis, failure to thrive, renal impairment
11
Q
extrarenal signs of medullary cystic disease
A
- retinal degeneration
- retinitis pigmentose
- skeletal changes
- cerebellar ataxia
- liver fibrosis
12
Q
what is enuresis?
A
inability to concentrate the urine
