Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LMC Ultrasound > Vascular Final > Flashcards

Vascular Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the warning signs of a stroke?

A 
Aphasia
Dysphasia
Dysphagia
Dysarthria 
Tingling and numbness 
Vertigo
Transient blindness
Pg33
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A difference of 20 mmHg might indicate disease in what vessel?

A

Subclavian Steal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of waveform is seen in the ECA?

A

High resistive

pg. 47 4th ed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of waveform is seen in the ICA?

A

Low resistive

pg. 47 4th ed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the findings we would see with an ICA occlusion?

A

-No Doppler flow
-ECA and CCA will have similar waveforms
pg. 60 4th ed.
Also, possible increased velocity in the ipsilateral ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Stroke symptoms lasting less than 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the criteria of an 80% diameter reduction (velocity)?

A

Increased velocity?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A normal vertebral artery should be?

A

They are often different sizes, bilaterally, and flow velocities may be asymmetrical.
One vertebral artery is often dominant in terms of flow and velocity
p91

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where should the Doppler sample volume be placed in reference to the vessel?

A

parallel in middle of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What portion of the carotid vessel will be affected with FMD?

A

FMD is found in the renal arteries and in the internal carotid arteries and occurs predominantly in women.
p 63

The distal ICA should be carefully evaluated with spectral and color Doppler to detect FMD
p 64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many strokes occur each year in USA?

A

795,000. (google)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Innominate artery divides into what arteries?

A

RT CCA
RT Subclavian A
pg. 35 4th ed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Doppler sample volume should be at what?

A

2 mm
per Beth 10/4/16

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If there is an abnormal Doppler waveform in the ICA, where would that suggest disease at?

A

A high resistance ICA waveform may also occur with stenosis in the distal ICA. However, condition usually coexists with extensive disease in the proximal ICA. pg 65 4th ed

proximal or distal ICA occlusion/disease
Carotid Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If there is an occlusion of the ICA, the ipsilateral ICA velocities might be what?

A

If one side is occluded the other side (the contralateral) the velocity will increase. pg 80 4th edt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What portions of ICA should we Doppler?

A

Prox/Mid/Distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When determining the ICA/CCA ratios, what section of the CCA is used for the ratio?

A

mid/dist
per Beth - 10/4/16

dist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is characteristic of a subclavian steal?

A

retrograde flow in the vertebral

per Beth - 10/4/16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is an ICA systolic velocity less than 125 cm/sec normal or abnormal?

A

Normal (no stenosis)
pg. 73

a stenosis less than 50% diameter reduction
carotid test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Intraoperative carotid Dopplers can identify what? What do we see in the waveforms?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Temporary, partial, or total blindness often resulting from transient occlusion of the retinal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The carotid body assists in regulating what?

A

It assists in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

Hagen-Ansert volume 2 pg. 875

Except balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which branch of ECA do we see most?

A

Superior thyroid artery

pg. 36 4th ed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Noise caused by tissue vibration from turbulent flow is?

A

Bruit

Beth - 9/27/16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

While color duplex imaging there may be an area where the color doesn’t fill in the vessel, what might this be from?

A

boundary layer separation

per Beth 10/4/16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Blood pressure cuffs should be what percentage greater than the limb?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the characteristics of normal Doppler signal?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A normal PVR waveform contains what?

A

A sharp upslope and a prominent reflected wave, also called a dicrotic notch, in late systole and early diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What plane should you image arteries?

A

Sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What angle should be used for a Doppler study?

A

45-60 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How long does it usually take to compress a pseudo aneurysm?

A

30-60 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What structure may cause a palpable thrill?

A

turbulence
(google)

pg. 183 Palpation of Pulses section
“3+ = very strong or aneurysmal pulse (this is when you can observe your hand moving up and down with each pulsation)”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What imaging characteristics demonstrate significant narrowing

A

Spectral Doppler waveform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Know how to calculate ABIs (pressures will be given)

A

Divide the ankle pressure from the highest of the brachial pressures.

> 1.35 = probable calcified arteries
0.90 - 1.35 = normal
< 0.90 = abnormal, stress test appropriate
< 0.8 = probable claudication
< 0.5 = multi-level disease or long segment occlusion
< 0.3 = ischemic rest pain - severe disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What do patients describe claudication as?

A

pain and discomfort while walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Profunda lies where in reference to femoral artery?

A

Profunda is posterior and lateral to the femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the branches off the popliteal artery?

A

Anterior Tibials

Posterior Tibials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the anatomy of the aortic arch?

*Second main branch

A

First branch: the innominate/brachiocephalic artery branches off into the RT subclavian artery as well as the RT CCA.

Second branch: left common carotid artery

Third branch: LT subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Do segmental pressures of lower extremity usually over or underestimate disease?

A

Underestimate disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

For what reason do PVR’s usually have greater amplitudes in the calf than the thigh?

A

cuff artifact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

If you exercise patient and they return to baseline after 5 minutes, what kind of occlusive disease might be present?

A

single segment occlusive disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Ankle systolic pressure of less than ___mmHg will not heal with ischemic skin lesions in a non-diabetic?

A

55 mmHg

43
Q

What veins are difficult to compress in duplex scan?

A

Brachiocephalic
Subclavian
Prox axillary

pg. 151 4th ed.

44
Q

The left renal vein is usually compressed by what structure? (hint: an artery)

left iliac ven

A

Possibly compressed by the Aorta when it’s in a variant position.
Normally the LT renal vein is anterior to the AO, a variant is posterior, causing compression of the LT renal vein.

left iliac vein is usually compressed by the right iliac artery

45
Q

What is Virchow’s Triad?

A

Venous thrombosis occurs when 3 conditions existed

  1. Circulatory stasis
  2. Vein wall (intimal) injury
  3. Hypercoagulability state

pg. 111 4th ed.

46
Q

What is the longest vein in the body?

A

Greater saphenous

47
Q

Is the normal flow of perforating veins deep to superficial or superficial to deep?

A

Superficial to deep

48
Q

What are normal venous Doppler signal characteristics?

A

–

49
Q

What is the most important criteria when doing venous study?

A

The response of the vein when transducer pressure is applied

50
Q

With an incompetent venous segment, what might you see with spectral analysis?

A

Reflux…? Which is defined as abnormal retrograde/reverse flow post-valsalva/augmentation

51
Q

Deep veins of the Upper Extremity

A 
Superior Vena Cava
Innominate
Internal jugular
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Interosseous

pg. 149 4th ed.

52
Q

Deep Veins of the Lower Extremity

A 
IVC
CIV
IIV
EIV
CFV
FV
PROFUNDA
POPLITEAL
ATV
PTV
PERONEALS

pg. 97-98 4th ed.

53
Q

Superficial veins of the upper extremity

A

Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital

pg. 149 4th ed.

54
Q

Superficial veins of the lower extremity

A

GSV
LESSER OR SMALL SAPH V

Pg. 98-99 4th ed.

55
Q

When doing venous Doppler, what plane should you be looking at venous structures?

A

Longitudinal

pg. 116 4th ed.

56
Q

What are risk factors for DVT?

A 
Post-op
Hx DVT
Cancer
Trauma
Pregnancy
High-dose estrogen 
Birth control
Immobility "economy class syndrome"
Thrombophilia
Bed rest > 4 days
Paralysis

pg. 111 4th ed.

57
Q

Which veins have valves?

A

FV: 4 valves
Pop: 2 valves
CALF VEINS: each 10 valves (total: 30 valves)

pg. 136 4th ed

not in soleal sinuses-venous test

58
Q

What canal does CFV lie in?

A

Scarpa’s canal
Quizlet/venous test

Adductor canal?
Chapter 5 in vascular book

59
Q

What is the basilic vein and where is it located?

A

Medial portion of upper arm if palm up.
-does not have accompanying artery, nor does cephalic vein.

superficial vein of the upper extremity
Venous test

60
Q

Why don’t we need an angle with venous imaging?

A

The flow is with respirations
pg. 131 4th ed.

flow direction is not important
Venous test

61
Q

What is the perforator called that is found in distal thigh?

A

Dodds perforator
Quizlet/venous test

Hunterian perforator

pg. 102 4th ed.

62
Q

What is the primary route for upper extremity venous drainage?

A

The superficial system

63
Q

Adequate pressure to compress a vein should be?

A

Moderate probe pressure and only the vein collapses

pg. 113 4th ed.

64
Q

What veins have a pulsatile venous signal?

A

IJV
Subclavian
Axillary

pg. 152 4th ed.

65
Q

What is the criteria that indicates that we should not do compressions?

A

Floating thrombus

per Beth
pg. 124 4th ed

66
Q

What is a lethal complication of DVT?

A

Pulmonary embolism

67
Q

What are signs and symptoms of acute DVT?

A

Acute onset persistent calf pain/tenderness
Calf/leg swelling
Affects posterior/medial calf
Cyanosis limb

pg. 111 4th ed.

68
Q

What is reflux?

A

Reflux is abnormal retrograde/reversed flow on spectral analysis for 1 second or more after having patient relax from an augmentation or valsalva.

69
Q

What is the protocol for graft imaging?

A 
Prox flow-native vessel
Prox anastomosis
Prox/MID/DST graft
DST anastomosis
DST flow-native vessel
70
Q

If the greater saphenous vein is used for arterial conduit, what is that called?

A

In-situ graft

71
Q

What is a reverse vein graft?

A

the GSV is removed and turned upside down without removal of valves then sewn back in.

72
Q

What is it called when we follow up on a graft post surgical?

A

Follow up surveillance

73
Q

What is a stent?

A

structure used to mechanically hold the artery open

74
Q

What are complications of a stent?

A

endoleak-inadequate seal to prox or distal wall
graft infection
vessel rupture
embolization

75
Q

What vessels might not have arterial disease?

A

Radial
Ulnar
Brachial

76
Q

What is the autoimmune disorder that can affect the subclavian arteries?

A

Takayasu’s and giant cell arteritis. pg. 226

77
Q

What is Buerger’s disease?

A

aka thromboangitis obliterins

Arterial disorder involving digital arteries

78
Q

What is the name of the small emboli that connect through the digits?

A

Thrombo-emboli

79
Q

What are the two types of Raynaud’s disease? Who gets it?

A

Vasospastic disorder brought on by cold exposure, chemicals, or vibration injury

Also called Episodiac, prolonged digital vasospasm

More common in females- 9x more than men

80
Q

What is Thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Intermittent pain, numbness, or weakness of arms related to arm position

81
Q

Where should you put the PPG pad when doing a study?

A

Sensor on pad of the finger

82
Q

What method of testing that should be used for Raynaud’s disease?

A

Cold submersion test

83
Q

What is the test that is used for radial artery and hand profusion?

A

Allen’s test

84
Q

What is a Brescia-Cimino fistula?

A

created in non-dominant arm
radial art to cephalic vein or brachial art to cephalic or basilic vein are the most common
Low complication rate

85
Q

What veins do not have an accompanying artery?

A

Cephalic

Basilic

86
Q

Which graft type is impenetrable by ultrasound?

A

Vectra

87
Q

What vessels does Berger’s disease affect?

A

Digital Arteries

88
Q

What is the standard recovery time for cold immersion test?

A

5 min- normal

10 min- abnormal

89
Q

Hemodialysis access fistula and grafts are used to do dialysis (T/F)

A

True, Provides access for dialysis

90
Q

What is the most common type of access graft?

A

Radial artery to cephalic vein

91
Q

We map prior to CABBAGE (T/F)

A

True

92
Q

What kind of waveforms do you see in the lower extremity?

A

triphasic

93
Q

Access grafts can be between an artery and a vein (T/F)

A

True. The most common is the radial artery to the cephalic vein

94
Q

Which portion of the ICA is evaluated during a carotid exam?

A

Petrous

95
Q

portion of the waveform on a pulse fine recording that reflects a normal waveform, what is that component?

A

`

96
Q

A toe pressure is normal if it is ____ mmHg

A

50 mmHg

97
Q

T/F bypass graft evaluation begins with patient history, surgical record, and type of graft

A

True

98
Q

T/F Aortic bifemoral graft is used to bypass the distal aorta and/or iliac arteries

A

True

99
Q

T/F A fem to fem graft is also referred to as a jump graft

A

True

100
Q

T/F Vein mapping prior to cardiac bypass it provides the surgeon with valid information

A

True

101
Q

T/F An aortic bifemoral graft is also called a jump graft

A

False

102
Q

T/F triphasic waveforms are common in the extremities

A

True

103
Q

T/F an excess graft can be a synthetic tube placed between an artery and a vein

A

True

LMC Ultrasound (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions