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Patho/Pharm 2 Test 1 > Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic Aneurysms

A

Outpouchings or dilations of the arterial wall

  • men more often
  • high incidence with age
  • aortic arch, thoracic, abdominal
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2
Q

AA Causes

A

most common: atherosclerosis

  • degenerative
  • congenital
  • trauma
  • inflammatory
  • infectious
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3
Q

Atherosclerotic plaques deposit RF

A
  • male

- smoking

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4
Q

True Aneurysms

A
  • wall of artery forms the aneurysm

- fusiform or saccular

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5
Q

False Aneurysm

A
  • not an aneurysm
  • leads to bleeding
  • cause: trauma, infection, bypass surgery, arterial leakage
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6
Q

Thoracic Aorta Aneurysm

A

asymptomatic often

  • deep, diffuse chest pain
  • pain in interscapular
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7
Q

Ascending aorta/aortic arch

A
  • produce angina & hoarseness
  • distended neck veins
  • edema of head/arms
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8
Q

AAA

A
  • asymptomatic
  • physical exam
  • mimic abdominal/back disorders
  • blue toe syndrome
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9
Q

AA Ruptures

A 
Posterior
-bleeding
-severe pain
-back/flank ecchymosis
Anterior
-massive hemorrhage
-low survival
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10
Q

AA Diagnostics

A
  • ultrasound
  • CT
  • MRI
  • Angiography
  • X ray
  • ECG/echo
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11
Q

AA Care

A
  • determine size/location
  • small aneurysm: low BP
  • 5.5 cm: repair
  • young: surgery earlier
  • old: endovascular repair
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12
Q

Endovascular Graft Procedure

A
  • faster & safer
  • comp: perigraft leak
  • pericutaneous femoral access is better
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13
Q

PAD

A
  • cause: atherosclerosis
  • 60-80 yrs
  • RF: smoking, hyperlipidemia, HTN, DM
  • intermittent claudification
  • shiny taut skin
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14
Q

PAD Symptoms

A
  • intermittent claudication: pain with exercise
  • resolves in 10 min
  • paresthesia
  • thin, shiny, taut skin
  • pain at rest in foot, at night
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15
Q

PAD Complications

A
  • atrophy of skin & muscles
  • delayed healing
  • wound infection
  • tissue necrosis
  • arterial ulcers
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16
Q

PAD Diagnostics

A
  • doppler ultrasound
  • ABI
  • duplex imaging
  • angiography
  • MRA
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17
Q

PAD Care

A
  • smoking cessation
  • treatment of hyperlipidemia, HTN, DM
  • BP < 130/80
  • glycosylated Hg < 7.0%
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18
Q

PAD Care

A
  • antiplatelet
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Pento & Cilo
  • exercise
  • cholesterol < 200
  • radiation & PTBA
19
Q

Thromboangitis Obliternas (Buerger’s Disease)

A
  • affects small/med arteries/veins of extremities
  • men < 40 who use tobacco
  • intermittent claudication, color/temp changes of limbs
20
Q

Thromboangitis Obliternas (Buerger’s Disease) Care

A
  • cessation of tobacco
  • IV iloprost
  • sympathetomy
  • amputation og fingers/toes
21
Q

Raynaud’s

A
  • arteries in fingers/toes
  • in women 15-40 yrs
  • white/blue/red color changes
22
Q

Raynaud’s care

A
  • protect hands/feet from cold
  • stop all tobacco/caffeine
  • calcium channel blockers
  • sympathectomy
23
Q

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

A
  • arm/leg veins
  • tenderness, redness, warmth
  • D: physical exam
  • C: removal of IV catheter, elevation, heat, drainage
24
Q

Venous thromboembolism

A
  • veins of arms/legs/pelvis
  • tenderness
  • embolism to lungs
25
Q

SVT Drugs

A
  • NSAIDs

- Low molecular weight heparin followed by unfractionated heparin then warfarin

26
Q

DVT

A
  • unilateral leg edema
  • dull, aching to severe pain
  • Homan’s: pain with dorsiflexion
  • redness, warmth, tenderness
  • temp > 100.4
27
Q

DVT Diagnostics

A
  • D-dimer
  • doppler
  • duplex scanning
  • venogram
28
Q

DVT Prevention

A
  • TED/SCDs
  • early moblization
  • exercise
  • avoid long sitting
  • no smoking
  • weight control
  • LMW heparin
29
Q

DVT Drugs

A
  • IV heparin drip (unfractionated)
  • SQ LMWH
  • oral: warfarin
30
Q

INR

A

normal: 0.75-1.25
therapeutic: 2-3
- used for monitor warfarin

31
Q

PTT

A

normal: 24-36
therapeutic: 50-70
- monitor unfractionated heparin

32
Q

Heparin

A
  • inhibits fibrin & thrombus formation
  • IV to treat existing DVT
  • SQ to prevent DVT
33
Q

Bleeding Precautions

A
  • electric razor
  • limit needle sticks/manual pressure at least 10 min
  • no IM injections
  • prevent constipation
  • humidify o2
34
Q

Heparin Antidote: Protamine sulfate

A
  • heparin antagonist
  • slow IVP over 10 min
  • SE: HTN, brady, shock
35
Q

Low molecular weight heparins:Lovenox, Fragmin, Normiflo

A

admin

  • love handles
  • don’t expel air bubble
  • don’t aspirate/massage
  • observe site
  • monitor CBC
36
Q

Oral Anticoagulant: Warfarin (Coumadin)

A
  • prevents utilization of vitamin K
  • starts while on on heparin
  • 2-3 dys to alter PT/INR
37
Q

Antidote for Warfarin Toxcity

A

Vitamin K (Aquamephyton)

38
Q

Thrombolytic agents

A
  • for: DVT, pulmonary embolus
  • monitor for bleeding
  • dissolves clot
39
Q

Varicosities

A

dilated, tortuous subcutaneous veins

  • primary: weakness
  • secondary: VTE
  • reticlar: smaller
  • telangiectasis: spider
40
Q

Varicose Vein M/D/C

A
  • M: disfiguaration, heavy achy feeling or pain
  • D: appearance RF: chronic cough, constipation
  • C: Tx for symptomatic, limb elevation with graduated compression
41
Q

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Postphlebitic syndrome)

A
  • advanced stage of venous disease

- S: skin changes, chronic edema, pain, pruritis, ulcers

42
Q

CVI care

A
  • compression

- wound care: moist dressings

43
Q

Arterial Ulcers

A
  • intermittent claudication
  • no edema/pulse/drainage
  • round smooth sores
  • black eschar
  • toes/feet
44
Q

Venous Ulcers

A
  • dull, achy pain
  • lower leg edema
  • pulse/drainage present
  • sores with irregular borders
  • yellow slough or ruddy skin
  • ankles

Patho/Pharm 2 Test 1 (12 decks)

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