Cardiomyopathy/ValvularHeart Flashcards
What can CMP lead to?
cardiomegaly and HF
-leading causes for heart transplant
Primary CMP
- etiology is unknown
- heart muscle is only involved
Secondary CMP
- known causes
- secondary to another disease process
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- severe cardiomegaly
- decreased CO & contractility
- sinus tach, A&V dysrhythmias
- fatigue, weakness, dyspnea
- abnormal S3&4
Dilated MCP causes
- infectious myocarditis
- alcohol, cocaine, HTN, and CAD
Dilated MCP manifestations
- develop HF
- fatigue dyspnea, nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea
- dry cough, bloating, anorexia
- ireggular HR with abnormal S3 &/or S4
- murmurs & dysrhythmias
Dilated Diagnostics
- echocardiography
- chest x-ray
- ECG
- BNP levels (high)
- cardiac catheterization
Hypertrophic CMP
- -young active men
- normal to decreased CO
- AV dysrhythmias
- exertional dyspnea
Hypertrophic Manifestations
- exertional dyspnea
- fatigue, angina, syncope
- dysrhythmias: atrial fib, ventricular tachy, ventricular fib
HCMP Diagnostics
-ECG
HCMP Treatment
- Beta and calcium channel blockers
- atrioventricular pacing
- SCD: defib
- ventriculomyotomy & myectormy
- PTSMA: alcohol induced
Restrictive CMP
- normal to decreased CO
- dyspnea, fatigue
- A&V dysrythmias
RCMP Manifestation
- fatigue
- exercise intolerance
- dyspnea
RCMP Diagnostic Studies
- chest xray
- ECG: eft ventricle that is normal size with a thickened wall, a slightly dilated right ventricle, and dilated atria
Mitral valve Stenosis
- cause: rheumatic HD
- narrowing
- high pressure/volume in L atrium
- exertional dyspnea, hemotysis
MVS signs
- dypnea (w/ hemoptysis)
- palpitations from atrial fib
- fatigue
- S1 with diastolic murmur
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Acute -thready pulses -cool clammy hands -systolic murmur with pulmonary edema Chronic -weakness, fatigue -exertional dyspnea
MV Regurgitation Auscultory
-S3 with pansystolic/holosytolic
MV Prolapse
- palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain in clusters
- can lead to: MV regurgitation
- (late/holo) murmurs
MV Prolapse Manifestations
- most asymptomatic for life
- murmur more intense in systole (late/holosytolic)
- ventricular tachy
- chest pain in clusters
AV Stenosis
- childhood
- angina, syncope, HF
- normal S1 with absent S2 & prominent S4
- crescendo-decrescendo murmur
AV Stenosis Manifestations
- angina
- syncope
- exertional dyspnea
- normal to soft S1 with diminished/absent S2 and prominent S4
- systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur
AV Regurgitation
-absent S1 with S3/4
-Austin-Flint murmur
-ejection click
Acute
-Abrupt dyspnea
-LV failure
Chronic
-water hammer pulse
-weakness
AV Regurgitation manifestations
- cardiovascular collapse
- left ventricle exposed
- weakness
- severe: pulses of water hammer or collapsing
- chronic: asym, exertional/nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea,
AV Regurg Auscultatory
- soft/absent S1
- S3 and S4
- systolic ejection click
- soft high pitched diastolic murmor
- Austin Flint murmor
