Cardiomyopathy/ValvularHeart

Question 1

What can CMP lead to?

Answer 1

cardiomegaly and HF

-leading causes for heart transplant

Question 2

Primary CMP

Answer 2

• etiology is unknown

- heart muscle is only involved

Question 3

Secondary CMP

Answer 3

• known causes

- secondary to another disease process

Question 4

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

• severe cardiomegaly
• decreased CO & contractility
• sinus tach, A&V dysrhythmias
• fatigue, weakness, dyspnea
• abnormal S3&4

Question 5

Dilated MCP causes

Answer 5

• infectious myocarditis

- alcohol, cocaine, HTN, and CAD

Question 6

Dilated MCP manifestations

Answer 6

• develop HF
• fatigue dyspnea, nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea
• dry cough, bloating, anorexia
• ireggular HR with abnormal S3 &/or S4
• murmurs & dysrhythmias

Question 7

Dilated Diagnostics

Answer 7

• echocardiography
• chest x-ray
• ECG
• BNP levels (high)
• cardiac catheterization

Question 8

Hypertrophic CMP

Answer 8

• -young active men
• normal to decreased CO
• AV dysrhythmias
• exertional dyspnea

Question 9

Hypertrophic Manifestations

Answer 9

• exertional dyspnea
• fatigue, angina, syncope
• dysrhythmias: atrial fib, ventricular tachy, ventricular fib

Question 10

HCMP Diagnostics

Answer 10

-ECG

Question 11

HCMP Treatment

Answer 11

• Beta and calcium channel blockers
• atrioventricular pacing
• SCD: defib
• ventriculomyotomy & myectormy
• PTSMA: alcohol induced

Question 12

Restrictive CMP

Answer 12

• normal to decreased CO
• dyspnea, fatigue
• A&V dysrythmias

Question 13

RCMP Manifestation

Answer 13

• fatigue
• exercise intolerance
• dyspnea

Question 14

RCMP Diagnostic Studies

Answer 14

• chest xray

- ECG: eft ventricle that is normal size with a thickened wall, a slightly dilated right ventricle, and dilated atria

Question 15

Mitral valve Stenosis

Answer 15

• cause: rheumatic HD
• narrowing
• high pressure/volume in L atrium
• exertional dyspnea, hemotysis

Question 16

MVS signs

Answer 16

• dypnea (w/ hemoptysis)
• palpitations from atrial fib
• fatigue
• S1 with diastolic murmur

Question 17

Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Answer 17

Acute
-thready pulses
-cool clammy hands
-systolic murmur with pulmonary edema
Chronic
-weakness, fatigue
-exertional dyspnea

Question 18

MV Regurgitation Auscultory

Answer 18

-S3 with pansystolic/holosytolic

Question 19

MV Prolapse

Answer 19

• palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain in clusters
• can lead to: MV regurgitation
• (late/holo) murmurs

Question 20

MV Prolapse Manifestations

Answer 20

• most asymptomatic for life
• murmur more intense in systole (late/holosytolic)
• ventricular tachy
• chest pain in clusters

Question 21

AV Stenosis

Answer 21

• childhood
• angina, syncope, HF
• normal S1 with absent S2 & prominent S4
• crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Question 22

AV Stenosis Manifestations

Answer 22

• angina
• syncope
• exertional dyspnea
• normal to soft S1 with diminished/absent S2 and prominent S4
• systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Question 23

AV Regurgitation

Answer 23

-absent S1 with S3/4
-Austin-Flint murmur
-ejection click
Acute
-Abrupt dyspnea
-LV failure
Chronic
-water hammer pulse
-weakness

Question 24

AV Regurgitation manifestations

Answer 24

• cardiovascular collapse
• left ventricle exposed
• weakness
• severe: pulses of water hammer or collapsing
• chronic: asym, exertional/nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea,

Question 25

AV Regurg Auscultatory

Answer 25

• soft/absent S1
• S3 and S4
• systolic ejection click
• soft high pitched diastolic murmor
• Austin Flint murmor