Lymphoma/Leukemia Flashcards
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- reed-sternberg cells (giant cells)
- no known cause, begins above diaphragm
- 15 to 35 yrs, > 50 yrs
- more common in men
Hodgkin’s RF & D
- Epstein-Barr virus
- genetics
- toxins
- hyperplasisa
- D: presence of Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin’s Manifestations
- insidious onset
- enlargement of cervical, axillary, or inguinal nodes
- movable, painless, & nontender nodes
- B symptoms: fever, night sweats, weight loss (worse prognosis)
Mediastinal Involvement Signs
- cough
- dyspnea
- stridor
- dysphagia
Hodgkin’s Advanced Cases
- hepatomegaly
- splenomegaly
- anemia
Hodgkin’s D
- blood analysis
- biopsy
- bone marrow exam
- radiologic evaluation
HL Chemo
Favorable early-stage disease, receive 2 to 4 cycles
Unfavorable early stage, receive 4 to 6 cycles
Advanced stage, receive 6 to 8 cycles
NHL
- affects all ages
- B & T cell origin
- unknown cause
- in those who had chemo/radiation or immunosuppressive drugs
NHL Manifestions
- can originate outside nodes
- painless node enlargement
- high grade: lymphadenopathy & B symptoms
Which lymphoma has worse prognosis?
NHL
Leukemia
A group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of
Bone marrow
Lymph system
-no single cause
Leukemia Acute vs Chronic
- A: Clonal proliferation of immature hematopoietic cells
- C: Mature forms of WBC, and onset is more gradual
AML
- adults
- abrupt, dramatic onset: infection or bleeding
- hyperplasia
ALL
- children
- B cell
- fever, bleeding
- insidious with progressive weakness, pain, bleeding
- CNS
CML
- bone marrow (move to blood)
- infiltrate liver/spleen
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- chronic stable phase Followed by acute, aggressive (blastic) phase
CLL
- B cell
- node enlargement thru out
- increased incidence of infection
Symptoms of Leukemia
Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukemia Diagnostic Studies
Diagnose & classify:
- peripheral blood evaluation
- bone marrow evaluation
4 stage of chemp
- induction
- intensification
- consolidation
- maintenance
Induction
- induce remission
- seek & destroy leukemic cells
- patients may become critically ill
Intensification
- high dose
- after induction
Consolidation
- after remission
- eliminate remaining leukemic cells
Maintenance
-lower dose every 3-4 wks
Combo Chemo
- decrease drug resistance and toxicity
- interrupt cell growth
