vascular disease

Question 1

pulmonary edema ensues due to (4)

Answer 1

1. increased intracapullary hydrostatic pressure 2. decreased intracapillary oncotic pressure 3. obstructs excess fluid reabsorption by lymphatics 4. compromises capillary wall integrity

Question 2

what type of cells do we fins in pulm edema

Answer 2

heart failure cells

Question 3

clinical syndrome of severe hypoxemic respiratory failure

Answer 3

ARDS

Question 4

what is the pathophysiology of ARDS and what do we see histologic

Answer 4

pathophysiology: damage to the alveolar wall-capillary endothelium and the alveolar epithelial cells histologic: diffuse alveolar damage

Question 5

DAD time course: acute

Answer 5

• pulm. edema and hyaline membranes

Question 6

DAD time course: subacute organizing stage

Answer 6

• alveolar pneumocyte hyperplasia and interstitial fibrosis - start to lose hyaline membranes

Question 7

mortality rate of DAD

Answer 7

-35 to 50% - if pt. survives minimal residual abnormal respiratory function

Question 8

most emboli are

Answer 8

thromboemboli

Question 9

pulm. embolism often will have elevated

Answer 9

D-dimer

Question 10

pulmonary infarction

Answer 10

death/necrosis of lung tissue

Question 11

pulm HTN classifie as

Answer 11

mean pulm artery pressure <25

Question 12

most cases of PH are secondary to another disease process

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what becomes thickened in PH

Answer 13

smooth muscle media between internal and external elastic laminae

Question 14

residual vessel replaced by slit-like proliferative vascular spaces

Answer 14

plexiform lesion

Question 15

consist of proliferation of thin-walled dilates and congested vessels

Answer 15

angiomatoid lesion usually peripheral to plexiform lesion

Question 16

concentric intimal hyperplasia in PH signifies what

Answer 16

severe PH

Question 17

primary idiopathic PH

Answer 17

• affects women >men - age of onset 36

Question 18

primary PH show mutation in up to 50% cases in

Answer 18

coding region for BMPR2

Question 19

Answer 19

endothelial cushion with an organized olf thromboembolu

Question 20

Answer 20

concentric intimal hyperplasia with vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosi

Question 21

Answer 21

plexiform and angiomatoid lesion

Question 22

Answer 22

muscularization of an arteriole

Question 23

Answer 23

medial hypetrophy

Question 24

Answer 24

normal muscular artery

Question 25

Answer 25

refractile partciles in a drug user causing a pulm embolism

Question 26

Answer 26

multinucleated giant cell pulm embolism caused by drug us

Question 27

Answer 27

bone marrow embolism- fat

Question 28

Answer 28

pulm infarction- showing congestion of the capillaries

Question 29

Answer 29

saddle thromboembolism

Question 30

Answer 30

pulmonary thromboembolus

Question 31

Answer 31

reactive pneumocyte hyperplacia with squamous metaplasia

Question 32

Answer 32

expansion of fibroblast and decreased hyaline membrane in DAD subacute

Question 33

Answer 33

hyaline membranes in acute DAD stage

Question 34

Answer 34

chronic pulm. edema may show fibrotic thickening of alveolar septa

Question 35

Answer 35

heart failure cells

Question 36

Answer 36

interstitial vascular congestion and fluid in alveolar spaces