review Flashcards
what happens to the airways in bronchiectasis?
they are permanently dilated and instead of seeing tapering of them we actually see them get bigger
mecocium ileus
clinical feature of CF
laboratory CF
- sweat chloride
- genetic testing for CTFR
- nasal trnasepithelial potential difference
CF tx.
- chest physical therapy
- antibiotics
- nebulized DNase
- Nebulized 7% saline
- bronchodilators but not an anti-cholinergic which causes slowing of the gut
no benefit for CF tx.
- inhaled steroids
prednisone in CF
benefit but risk outweighs as well as nsaids
hallmarks of asthma a
- airway inflammation
- airway hyperresponsiveness
- airflow obstruction
early asthma phase
mast cell driven in releasing histamine resulting in bronchospams
late asthma phase
cytokine and eosinophil driven leading to not onyl bronchospasm but also edema and inflammation
classic triad of asthma
- intermittent wheeze
- cough
- dyspnea
nocturnal asthma
lung function declines early morning driven to to decrease in catecholamines and increase in leukotriens and inflammatory cells
EIB
maybe there is water loss inducing an increases in tonicity
EIB treatment
- Beta-2 agonist before exercise
- exercise a little before to get warmed up
ILD can bypass inflammatory pathway?
yep
ground glass opacities show ______ and can be treated with
acute and can be treated with steroids
honecombing show _______ and it is usually treated with
chronic but it is hard to treat… too late
reticular nodules are
infection
Exaggerate immune response to unidentified Ag (increase CD4)
sarcoidosis
Type 1 RADS
hypoxemic due usually to either a V/Q or shunt
acute RADS what do we see
increase catecholamines
- carotid body detects and increases respiratory rate and thus ventilation
chronic RADS
increases in erythropoetin leading to icnrease in gemoglobi n and thus increase in o2 concentration
Type II RADS
hypercapcnic
acute Type II rads
decrease in Ph leading to high CO2 narcosis
chronic type II rads
increase in renal bicarb. leading to increase in Ph