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Pulmonology > tumors of the lung, pleura and head and neck > Flashcards

tumors of the lung, pleura and head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of lung cancer

A

smoking

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2
Q

along with small carcinoma, ____________ has the strongest association with smoking

A

along with small carcinoma, squamous carcinoma has the strongest association with smoking

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3
Q

squamous cell carcinoma will present usually a _____ lesion in/near major bronchi

A

central

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4
Q

precusor lesions of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arise from the

A

bronchial epithelium

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5
Q

most common type of lung cancer in US

A

adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

adenocarcinoma usually located

A

peripherally

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7
Q

hystologically defined by gland, tubule, and papilla formation and/or mucin production

A

adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

TTF-1 immunohistochemical stain shows

A

nuclear positivity in tumor cells

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9
Q

TTF-1 immunohistochemical results: - squamous cell carcinoma - adenocarcinoma - small cell carcinoma

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma- negative - adenocarcinoma- positive - small cell carcinoma- positive
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10
Q

which lung cancer is very aggressive and usually presents at an advanced stage

A

small cell carcinoma

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11
Q

small cell carcinoma has frequent

A

paraneoplastic manifestations

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12
Q

small cell carcinoma usually presents as a

A

large central mass

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13
Q

small blue cells

A

small cell carcinoma

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14
Q

small cell carcinoma cells show

A

neuroendocrine differentiation

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15
Q

lung cancer prognosis depends on

A

tumor stage: TNM and type

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16
Q

is it important to histologic type lung cancers?

A

yasssssss, we can do targeted lung cancer therapy

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17
Q

pleural tumors usually arise from?

A

other sites, metastases

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18
Q

tumors involving the pleura may give rise to

A

pleural effusions

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19
Q

pleural plaques

A

most common manifestation of asbestos exposure

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20
Q

tumro derived from mesothelial cells that line the pleura and peritoneum

A

mesothelioma

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21
Q

mesothelioma is strongly associated with -timeline

A

asbestos exposure and develops after a long latent period

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22
Q

tumors is diffuse, rind-like growth over the pleura and it is firm and white

A

mesothelioma

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23
Q

mesothelioma is hard to distinguish from

A

adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx are mostly

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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25
erythroplakia vs leukoplakia
red vs white precursor lesion
26
eisk factors for tumor in mouth
- smoking - alcohol abuse - HPV - sun exposure
27
strong association with epstein barr virus
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
28
most common presentation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
upper cervical lymphadenopaathy
29
naso pharyngeal carcinoma histologic types - nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma - keratinizing squamos cell carcinoma - basaloi dsquamous cell carcinoma
- nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma --\> strong association with EBV - keratinizing squamos cell carcinoma --\> weak association with EBV
30
most carcinoma of the larynx are
squamous cell carcinoma
31
risk factors for larynx tumors
- smoking - alcohol - HPV
32
keratin stain nasopharyngea
33
nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma tumor cells- nasopharyngeal
34
mesothelioma
35
pleural plaque
36
small cell carcinoma
37
adenocarcinoma
38
squamous cell carcinoma
39
squamous cell carcinoma
40
squamous dysplasia in squamous cell carcinoma
41
squamous metaplasia in squamous cell carcinoma
42
can you operate on small cell cancer?
not really, they are aggressie in nature thus they are identified late in the game and too late to do surgery on them
43
Non-small cell lung cancer is usually found in the
parenchyma
44
rapid doubling time, high growth fraction, and the early development of widespread metastases.
small cell lung cancer
45
neuroendocrine tumor
small cell lung cancer
46
survival rates for small cell cancer is good
false: after one year survival rates drop to abysmal levels
47
* 20-30% of lung cancers * Was most common histologic type until mid 1980s * More commonly central / airway
Squamous (Epidermoid)
48
glandular tumor
adenocarcinoma
49
tumor that shows on CT a ground-glass appearance
adenocarcinoma in situ
50
common nodal involvment and early metastasis
adenocarcinoma
51
3 major presentation routes
1. symptomatic- too late 2. screening- often found early 3. incidental finding
52
pancoat tumor
known as the superior sulcus tumor usually a squamous cell cancer and beucase of its close to the lung it will have symptoms that are related
53
bone pain
metastases
54
focal neurological defects
brain metastases or spinal cord compression from tumors in spine
55
paraneoplastic syndromes more common with
small cell lung cancer
56
small cell lung cancer is associated with which ab mediated neurologic sydnrome
lamber-eaton
57
CXR a good screening modality for lung cancer screening?
nope
58
national lung screening trial
led researchers to find that low-dose CT screening of lung cancer reduced mortality of 20%
59
relationship between nodule size and likelihood of malignany on chest CT
increases with size
60
TNM
T: tumor size N: regional lymph nodes M: distant metastasis
61
Workup of a pulmonary nodule (\<\_\_\_cm) or pulmonary mass (≥ \_\_\_cm)
Workup of a pulmonary nodule (\<3 cm) or pulmonary mass (≥ 3cm)
62
what does PET shows?
abnormal metabolic activity with uptake of FDG radiotracer
63
mediastinoscopy is used to
pathologic stage of N2 and N3 nodes
64
EBUS used to
pathologic staining of N1, N2 and N3 nodes and even biopsy primary mass if it is located centrally
65
brain imaging what is preffered?
MRI; brain is often the first site of metastatic spread of lung cancer
66
SBRT
used for patient athat are not surgical candidates; delivers high dose radiation at different angles to the tumor- small collateral damage
67
stage for surgery is the primary option
Stage 1 and 2
68
immunotherapy is urrently used for
stage 4

Pulmonology (13 decks)

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