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Pulmonology > tumors of the lung, pleura and head and neck > Flashcards

tumors of the lung, pleura and head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of lung cancer

A

smoking

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2
Q

along with small carcinoma, ____________ has the strongest association with smoking

A

along with small carcinoma, squamous carcinoma has the strongest association with smoking

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3
Q

squamous cell carcinoma will present usually a _____ lesion in/near major bronchi

A

central

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4
Q

precusor lesions of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arise from the

A

bronchial epithelium

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5
Q

most common type of lung cancer in US

A

adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

adenocarcinoma usually located

A

peripherally

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7
Q

hystologically defined by gland, tubule, and papilla formation and/or mucin production

A

adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

TTF-1 immunohistochemical stain shows

A

nuclear positivity in tumor cells

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9
Q

TTF-1 immunohistochemical results: - squamous cell carcinoma - adenocarcinoma - small cell carcinoma

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma- negative - adenocarcinoma- positive - small cell carcinoma- positive
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10
Q

which lung cancer is very aggressive and usually presents at an advanced stage

A

small cell carcinoma

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11
Q

small cell carcinoma has frequent

A

paraneoplastic manifestations

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12
Q

small cell carcinoma usually presents as a

A

large central mass

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13
Q

small blue cells

A

small cell carcinoma

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14
Q

small cell carcinoma cells show

A

neuroendocrine differentiation

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15
Q

lung cancer prognosis depends on

A

tumor stage: TNM and type

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16
Q

is it important to histologic type lung cancers?

A

yasssssss, we can do targeted lung cancer therapy

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17
Q

pleural tumors usually arise from?

A

other sites, metastases

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18
Q

tumors involving the pleura may give rise to

A

pleural effusions

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19
Q

pleural plaques

A

most common manifestation of asbestos exposure

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20
Q

tumro derived from mesothelial cells that line the pleura and peritoneum

A

mesothelioma

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21
Q

mesothelioma is strongly associated with -timeline

A

asbestos exposure and develops after a long latent period

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22
Q

tumors is diffuse, rind-like growth over the pleura and it is firm and white

A

mesothelioma

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23
Q

mesothelioma is hard to distinguish from

A

adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx are mostly

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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25
Q

erythroplakia vs leukoplakia

A

red vs white precursor lesion

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26
Q

eisk factors for tumor in mouth

A
  • smoking - alcohol abuse - HPV - sun exposure
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27
Q

strong association with epstein barr virus

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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28
Q

most common presentation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

upper cervical lymphadenopaathy

29
Q

naso pharyngeal carcinoma histologic types - nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma - keratinizing squamos cell carcinoma - basaloi dsquamous cell carcinoma

A
  • nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma –> strong association with EBV - keratinizing squamos cell carcinoma –> weak association with EBV
30
Q

most carcinoma of the larynx are

A

squamous cell carcinoma

31
Q

risk factors for larynx tumors

A
  • smoking - alcohol - HPV
32
Q
A

keratin stain nasopharyngea

33
Q
A

nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma tumor cells- nasopharyngeal

34
Q
A

mesothelioma

35
Q
A

pleural plaque

36
Q
A

small cell carcinoma

37
Q
A

adenocarcinoma

38
Q
A

squamous cell carcinoma

39
Q
A

squamous cell carcinoma

40
Q
A

squamous dysplasia in squamous cell carcinoma

41
Q
A

squamous metaplasia in squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

can you operate on small cell cancer?

A

not really, they are aggressie in nature thus they are identified late in the game and too late to do surgery on them

43
Q

Non-small cell lung cancer is usually found in the

A

parenchyma

44
Q

rapid doubling time, high growth fraction, and the early development of widespread metastases.

A

small cell lung cancer

45
Q

neuroendocrine tumor

A

small cell lung cancer

46
Q

survival rates for small cell cancer is good

A

false: after one year survival rates drop to abysmal levels

47
Q
  • 20-30% of lung cancers
  • Was most common histologic type until mid 1980s
  • More commonly central / airway
A

Squamous (Epidermoid)

48
Q

glandular tumor

A

adenocarcinoma

49
Q

tumor that shows on CT a ground-glass appearance

A

adenocarcinoma in situ

50
Q

common nodal involvment and early metastasis

A

adenocarcinoma

51
Q

3 major presentation routes

A
  1. symptomatic- too late
  2. screening- often found early
  3. incidental finding
52
Q

pancoat tumor

A

known as the superior sulcus tumor usually a squamous cell cancer and beucase of its close to the lung it will have symptoms that are related

53
Q

bone pain

A

metastases

54
Q

focal neurological defects

A

brain metastases or spinal cord compression from tumors in spine

55
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes more common with

A

small cell lung cancer

56
Q

small cell lung cancer is associated with which ab mediated neurologic sydnrome

A

lamber-eaton

57
Q

CXR a good screening modality for lung cancer screening?

58
Q

national lung screening trial

A

led researchers to find that low-dose CT screening of lung cancer reduced mortality of 20%

59
Q

relationship between nodule size and likelihood of malignany on chest CT

A

increases with size

60
Q

TNM

A

T: tumor size

N: regional lymph nodes

M: distant metastasis

61
Q

Workup of a pulmonary nodule (<___cm) or pulmonary mass (≥ ___cm)

A

Workup of a pulmonary nodule (<3 cm) or pulmonary mass (≥ 3cm)

62
Q

what does PET shows?

A

abnormal metabolic activity with uptake of FDG radiotracer

63
Q

mediastinoscopy is used to

A

pathologic stage of N2 and N3 nodes

64
Q

EBUS used to

A

pathologic staining of N1, N2 and N3 nodes and even biopsy primary mass if it is located centrally

65
Q

brain imaging what is preffered?

A

MRI; brain is often the first site of metastatic spread of lung cancer

66
Q

SBRT

A

used for patient athat are not surgical candidates; delivers high dose radiation at different angles to the tumor- small collateral damage

67
Q

stage for surgery is the primary option

A

Stage 1 and 2

68
Q

immunotherapy is urrently used for

Pulmonology (13 decks)

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