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Surgery (Y4) > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which signs suggest critical limb ischaemia?

A

rest pain in foot for more than 2 weeks
ulceration
gangrene

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2
Q

Which ABPI value is suggestive of critical limb ischaemia?

A

< 0.5

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3
Q

Give a cause of vessel calcification.

A

Diabetes

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4
Q

Which medications should all patients with PAD take?

A

Clopidogrel and Atorvastatin

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5
Q

What are the 6P’s of acute limb ischaemia?

A

Parasthesia, Pain, Pale, Pulseless, Paralysis, Perishingly cold

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6
Q

What is typically the cause of acute limb ischaemia?

A

Thromboembolic eg. AF

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7
Q

What is typically the cause of chronic limb ischaemia?

A

Atherosclerosis

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8
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for chronic limb ischaemia?

A

Smoking

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9
Q

Leg pain worst at night, leg hanging off bed suggests…

A

Chronic Limb Ischaemia

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10
Q

Pain on walking, alleviated by rest - worst uphill suggests…

A

Intermittent claudication

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11
Q

What is the normal range for ABPI?

A

0.9 - 1.2

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12
Q

How are venous ulcers treated?

A

Debridement & decompression

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13
Q

How are arterial ulcers treated?

A

As per PVD

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14
Q

What is the normal abdominal aorta diameter?

A

< 3cm

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15
Q

Who is offered screening for AAA?

A

All men aged 65

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16
Q

What is the initial investigation for AAA?

A

Abdominal USS

17
Q

How should a AAA of 3 - 4.4cm be managed?

A

Yearly scans

18
Q

How should a AAA of 4.5 - 5.4cm be followed up?

A

3 monthly scans

19
Q

Which patients with AAA should be referred for elective repair?

A

Symptomatic
Diameter growing > 1cm / yr
> 5.5cm

20
Q

How are AAA managed?

A

Open repair

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)

21
Q

What is the first-line investigation for carotid artery stenosis?

A

USS

22
Q

What degree of carotid artery stenosis suggests intervention is required?

A

> 70%

23
Q

What are the treatment options for carotid artery stenosis?

A

Endarterectomy

Endovascular

24
Q

Give possible treatment options for varicose veins.

A

Foam sclerotherapy, Endothermal ablation, Open Surgery

25
Q

What is the treatment of choice for superficial thrombophlebitis?

A

Compression stockings

Surgery (Y4) (8 decks)

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