ENT

Question 1

On an audiogram, which symbol represents bone conduction in the right ear?

Answer 1

[ or

Question 2

On an audiogram, which symbol represents bone conduction in the left ear?

Answer 2

] or >

Question 3

On an audiogram, which symbol represents air conduction in the left ear?

Answer 3

X

Question 4

On an audiogram, which symbol represents air conduction in the right ear?

Answer 4

O

Question 5

What level of hearing loss is considered ‘normal’?

Answer 5

Up to 20 decibels

Question 6

Air-bone gap suggests…

Answer 6

Conductive hearing loss

Question 7

Reduced air and bone conduction with no gap suggests…

Answer 7

SNHL

Question 8

Dip at 2kHz on audiometry is…

Answer 8

Carhart’s notch → otosclerosis

Question 9

Dip at 4kHz on audiogram suggests…

Answer 9

Noise-induced hearing loss

Question 10

Better hearing at very low and high frequencies with drop in mid-freq suggests…

Answer 10

cookie bite → congenital deafness

Question 11

A flat typanogram may be caused by…

Answer 11

OM /OME /Perforation

Question 12

A negative pressure typanogram may be caused by…

Answer 12

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Question 13

How is sudden-onset SNHL managed?

Answer 13

Referral to ENT and high dose corticosteroids

Question 14

Give examples of medications which may cause tinnitus.

Answer 14

Aspirin/NSAIDs
Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics
Quinine

Question 15

hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus suggests…

Answer 15

Meniere’s disease

Question 16

From which area is epistaxis most likely to originate?

Answer 16

Kiesselbach’s area in anterior septum of the nose

Question 17

Child with soft, fluctuant, mobile mass in anterior triangle. Cholesterol crystals in extracted fluid suggests…

Answer 17

Branchial cyst

Question 18

Which antibiotics are recommended for bacterial tonsillitis?

Answer 18

1. Phenoxymethypenicillin

2. Clarithromycin

Question 19

Give causes of hoarseness.

Answer 19

Reflux
Over-use
Neurological
Lung cancer
Laryngeal cancer
Infection
Vocal chord nodule
Thyroid mass

Question 20

What is the most common presentation of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 20

Hoarseness

Question 21

How should patients with unexplained hoarseness be managed?

Answer 21

Urgent ENT referral

Question 22

Explain the ladder of management for epistaxis.

Answer 22

External pressure + ice
Silver nitrate cautery
Nasal packing
Ligation of sphenopalatine artery
Ligation of external carotid
Embolisation

Question 23

Which vessels anastomose in Keisselbach’s plexus?

Answer 23

Greater palatine, sphenopalatine, anterior & posterior ethmoidal and superior labial branch of facial a

Question 24

Which type of hypersensitivity is involved in allergic rhinitis?

Answer 24

Type I

Question 25

During acute EBV infection, would anti-IgM and IgG be raised?

Answer 25

IgM would be but IgG would not (peaks later)

Question 26

How should chronic sinusitis be treated?

Answer 26

Intra-nasal steroids

Question 27

What are the main areas to comment on in otoscopy?

Answer 27

Colour
Shape
Light reflex
Perforation
Scarring

Question 28

What colour should a healthy tympanic membrane be?

Answer 28

Pearly grey & translucent

Question 29

Bulging of the tympanic membrane suggests…

Answer 29

OME/Acute Otitis Media

Question 30

Retraction of the TM suggests…

Answer 30

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Question 31

Where is the light reflex usually seen on otoscopy?

Answer 31

L ear - 7-8 o’clock

R ear - 4-5 o’clock

Question 32

Absence or distortion of the TM is associated with…

Answer 32

Otitis media