ENT Flashcards
Give causes of subjective, non-pulsatile tinnitus.
Exposure to loud noise Stress Ear wax impaction Ear infections/effusions Otosclerosis Meniere’s disease
Give causes of objective tinnitus.
vascular tumours/neuromuscular disease
Give causes of pulsatile tinnitus.
Hypertension, artery stenosis, H&N tumours
When should an MRI be considered in tinnitus?
Neurological symptoms or pulsatile tinnitus
Which treatments may help tinnitus?
Amplification devices
Sound therapy
Give causes of SNHL.
Noise-induced (dip at 2kHz) Ageing (presbyacusis) Drug-induced eg. Gentamicin Tumours eg. vestibular schwannoma Meniere’s disease Sudden - often idiopathic
Give causes of conductive hearing loss.
Otosclerosis Impacted wax Ruptured eardrum Otitis media (+/- effusion) Cholesteatoma
What is otosclerosis?
AD inherited conductive hearing loss due to fusion of stapes to other bones
Smelly ear discharge & hearing loss suggests…
Cholesteostoma
Give 3 causes of vertigo.
Meniere’s disease
Acute labyrinthitis
BPPV
How can you differentiate between acute labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis?
Both vertigo after viral illness, no hearing loss in vestibular neuronitis
What is the diagnostic test for BPPV?
Dix-Hallpike manoevre
What is the treatment for BPPV?
Epley manoevre
How can you differentiate between UMN or LMN facial palsy?
UMN has forehead sparing (due to bilateral innervation)
When can steroids/antibiotics be given in sinusitis?
Only after 10 days or if severe presentation
