Ophthalmology Flashcards
How is proliferative retinopathy treated?
Panretinal photocoagulation
What is the definitive management of acute closed angle glaucoma?
Peripheral iridotomy
Drusen suggests…
Dry AMD
What is the treatment for Herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
Oral Aciclovir
Bilaterally small pupils that accommodate but don’t react to bright light is called…
Argyll-Robertson pupil
How does a vitreous haemorrhage tend to present?
Floaters/flashers
What is the most common cause of CRAO?
Embolism
Cherry red spot on macula suggests…
CRAO
Sudden onset unilateral eye pain, N&V, haloes, fixed pupil, cloudy cornea suggests…
Acute angle closure glaucoma
What is the initial treatment for acute closed angle glaucoma?
Topical beta-blocker/IV Acetazolamide
How is AMD diagnosed?
OCT scan
How is wet AMD treated?
Anti-VEGF injections
What is the first-line treatment for open-angle glaucoma?
Topical PGE inhibitors eg. Lantanoprost
What are the surgical options for open angle glaucoma?
Laser, trabeculectomy, aqueous shunt
What is a cataract?
Clouding of the natural eye lens
‘Cotton-wool spots’ suggests…
Hypertensive retinopathy
Which type of diabetic retinopathy is most likely to cause visual loss?
Proliferative
Give causes of painful red eye.
Scleritis Anterior uveitis Corneal abrasion Corneal ulcer Keratitis Acute angle glaucoma Endophthalmitis Foreign body
Injected conjunctival vessels that do not blanch with epinephrine suggests…
Scleritis
Scleritis is associated with…
Rheumatological conditions
Hypopyon suggests…
Anterior uveitis
Anterior uveitis is associated with which conditions?
HLA-B27, IBD, sarcoidosis, TB
What is Endophthalmitis?
Overwhelming infection of the inner structures of the eye
Siedel’s test positive suggests…
Penetrating injury
Give causes of painless red eye.
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Episcleritis
Conjunctivitis
Dry Eye
Episcleritis is associated with…
Autoimmune conditions, esp UC
What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
- Chloramphenicol
2. Fusidic acid
young patients with difficult to treat conjunctivitis, suspect…
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Red hue to vision suggests…
Vitreous haemorrhage
What are two potential complications of cataract surgery?
Endophthlamitis
Unexpected refractive error
What is the mechanism of action of lantanoprost in glaucoma?
Increased aqueous absorption by the uveoscleral outflow
What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers in glaucoma?
Reduces aqueous production
What is amblyopia?
Lazy eye
What are the treatment options for squint?
Spectacle correction of hypermetropia
Patching therapy to better-seeing eye
Surgical correction of strabismus
How can you differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis?
Episcleritis is not painful but scleritis is
How is anterior uveitis treated?
steroid eye drops and mydriatic drops
Ptosis and constricted pupil suggests…
Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis and dilated pupil suggests…
CN III palsy
What is Hutchinson’s sign?
Shingles rash on tip or side of the nose - suggests eye likely to be involved
Dendritic ulcer on fluorescein staining suggests..
Herpes simplex keratitis
