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Surgery (Y4) > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

How is proliferative retinopathy treated?

A

Panretinal photocoagulation

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2
Q

What is the definitive management of acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

Peripheral iridotomy

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3
Q

Drusen suggests…

A

Dry AMD

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4
Q

What is the treatment for Herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

A

Oral Aciclovir

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5
Q

Bilaterally small pupils that accommodate but don’t react to bright light is called…

A

Argyll-Robertson pupil

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6
Q

How does a vitreous haemorrhage tend to present?

A

Floaters/flashers

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of CRAO?

A

Embolism

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8
Q

Cherry red spot on macula suggests…

A

CRAO

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9
Q

Sudden onset unilateral eye pain, N&V, haloes, fixed pupil, cloudy cornea suggests…

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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10
Q

What is the initial treatment for acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

Topical beta-blocker/IV Acetazolamide

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11
Q

How is AMD diagnosed?

A

OCT scan

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12
Q

How is wet AMD treated?

A

Anti-VEGF injections

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13
Q

What is the first-line treatment for open-angle glaucoma?

A

Topical PGE inhibitors eg. Lantanoprost

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14
Q

What are the surgical options for open angle glaucoma?

A

Laser, trabeculectomy, aqueous shunt

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15
Q

What is a cataract?

A

Clouding of the natural eye lens

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16
Q

‘Cotton-wool spots’ suggests…

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

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17
Q

Which type of diabetic retinopathy is most likely to cause visual loss?

A

Proliferative

18
Q

Give causes of painful red eye.

A 
Scleritis
Anterior uveitis
Corneal abrasion
Corneal ulcer
Keratitis
Acute angle glaucoma
Endophthalmitis
Foreign body
19
Q

Injected conjunctival vessels that do not blanch with epinephrine suggests…

A

Scleritis

20
Q

Scleritis is associated with…

A

Rheumatological conditions

21
Q

Hypopyon suggests…

A

Anterior uveitis

22
Q

Anterior uveitis is associated with which conditions?

A

HLA-B27, IBD, sarcoidosis, TB

23
Q

What is Endophthalmitis?

A

Overwhelming infection of the inner structures of the eye

24
Q

Siedel’s test positive suggests…

A

Penetrating injury

25
Q

Give causes of painless red eye.

A

Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Episcleritis
Conjunctivitis
Dry Eye

26
Q

Episcleritis is associated with…

A

Autoimmune conditions, esp UC

27
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Chloramphenicol

2. Fusidic acid

28
Q

young patients with difficult to treat conjunctivitis, suspect…

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

29
Q

Red hue to vision suggests…

A

Vitreous haemorrhage

30
Q

What are two potential complications of cataract surgery?

A

Endophthlamitis

Unexpected refractive error

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lantanoprost in glaucoma?

A

Increased aqueous absorption by the uveoscleral outflow

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers in glaucoma?

A

Reduces aqueous production

33
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Lazy eye

34
Q

What are the treatment options for squint?

A

Spectacle correction of hypermetropia
Patching therapy to better-seeing eye
Surgical correction of strabismus

35
Q

How can you differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis?

A

Episcleritis is not painful but scleritis is

36
Q

How is anterior uveitis treated?

A

steroid eye drops and mydriatic drops

37
Q

Ptosis and constricted pupil suggests…

A

Horner’s syndrome

38
Q

Ptosis and dilated pupil suggests…

A

CN III palsy

39
Q

What is Hutchinson’s sign?

A

Shingles rash on tip or side of the nose - suggests eye likely to be involved

40
Q

Dendritic ulcer on fluorescein staining suggests..

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

Surgery (Y4) (8 decks)

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