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Surgery (Y4) > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Stag-horn calculi are made from…

A

Struvite

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2
Q

Which type of infection pre-disposes to staghorn calculi?

A

Proteus

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3
Q

What is the most common type of renal stone?

A

Calcium oxalate

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4
Q

What is the first-line medical management of BPH?

A

Alpha-1 antagonists eg. Tamsulosin

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5
Q

What is the second-line medical management of BPH?

A

5a-reductase inhibitors eg. Finasteride

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6
Q

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

A

Smoking

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7
Q

Which test should all men with ED have?

A

Morning testosterone

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8
Q

What is the recommended analgesia for renal colic?

A

IM Diclofenac

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9
Q

Schistosomiasis is a risk factor for which urological malignancy?

A

SCC of the bladder

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10
Q

What is the most common organic cause of ED?

A

Vascular disease

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11
Q

What is the first-line investigation for prostate cancer?

A

Multiparametric MRI

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12
Q

Which type of stones may not appear on CT?

A

Uric acid

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13
Q

What is meant by recurrent UTI?

A

3 episodes in a year or 2 in the last 6 months

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14
Q

What is the first-line investigation in recurrent UTI?

A

USS KUB

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15
Q

What is the first-line investigation for suspected prostate cancer?

A

Multiparametric MRI

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16
Q

Give causes of haematuria.

A 
Bladder cancer
Renal cancer
Glomerulonephritis
UTI
Renal stones
17
Q

Which patients should be referred on the suspected bladder cancer pathway?

A

> 45 with visible haematuria or unresolving with UTI treatment

18
Q

What are the first-line investigations for suspected bladder cancer?

A

Flexible cystoscopy & CT urogram

19
Q

What is the investigation of choice for kidney stones?

20
Q

Which medication class may be used to try to expel small, distal stones?

A

Alpha blockers

21
Q

Give a contra-indication for circumcision.

A

Hypospadias

22
Q

Elevation of the testis does not ease pain suggests…

A

Testicular torsion

23
Q

What is the first-line investigation in suspected prostate cancer?

A

Multiparametric MRI

24
Q

Retracted testicle suggests…

A

Testicular torsion

25
Q

What is the most common cause of epidydimorchitis in males > 35?

26
Q

Raised AFP and HCG are most likely in…

A

Non-seminomas eg. Teratoma/yolk sac tumours

27
Q

What is an acceptable post-void volume in patients < 65 years?

28
Q

What is an acceptable post-void volume in patients > 65 years?

29
Q

What is the advice for babies with hydrocoele?

A

Come back if not resolved by 1 year

30
Q

Periureteric fat stranding may indicate…

A

Recently passed ureteric calculus

Surgery (Y4) (8 decks)

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