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biology > Variety and Characteristics of Living Organisms > Flashcards

Variety and Characteristics of Living Organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics all living organisms share?

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity (To surroundings)
Control
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Which kingdoms are eukaryotic?

A

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protoctists

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3
Q

What are the key features of a eukaryotic organism?

A

Multicellular or unicellular
A nucleus
A distinct cell membrane

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4
Q

Are plants multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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5
Q

What is the organelle that plants contain which is necessary for photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

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6
Q

How do plants create their food?

A

Photosynthesis

Plants are autotrophs

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7
Q

What are plant cell walls made out of?

A

Cellulose

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8
Q

What do plants store carbohydrates as?

A

Starch

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9
Q

What are some examples of plants?

A

Flowering plants such as cereals (e.g. maize)

Herbaceous legumes (also flowering) such as peas or beans

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10
Q

Are animals multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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11
Q

Do animal cells contain chloroplasts?

A

No

As they do not photosynthesise

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12
Q

Do animal cells contain cell walls?

A

No

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13
Q

How do you describe animals ability to move?

A

Nervous co-ordination and the ability to move from place to place

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14
Q

What do animals store carbohydrates as?

A

Glycogen

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15
Q

Can fungi photosynthesise?

A

No, they use saprotrophic nutrition

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16
Q

Are fungi unicellular and/or multicellular?

A

Both
Unicellular fungi include yeast
Multicellular fungi include mushrooms and mucor

17
Q

How are fungi’s bodies organised?

A

Into thread like structures called hyphae - the cells of which contian many nuclei

The many hyphae are collectively referred to as mycelium

18
Q

What are fungi cell walls made out of?

A

Chitin

19
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

A

Saprotrophically

They secrete extracellular digestive enzymes onto food material and and absorb the digested molecules

They mostly feed off decaying matter, although parasitic fungi feed off of living matter

20
Q

How do fungi store their carbohydrates?

A

They store them as glycogen

21
Q

Are protoctists unicellular or multicellular?

A

Unicellular

Protoctists are microscopic

22
Q

How does nutrition work for protoctists?

A

Some photosynthesise

Some feed off organic living matter or dead matter (heterotrophy and saprotrophy)

23
Q

Examples of protoctists

A

Chlorella - Is more like a plant cell, has chloroplasts, a cell wall and photosynthesises
Amoeba - Lives in pond water, has feature
more like an animal cell

Plasmodium - Pathogenic and causes malaria

24
Q

Which kingdom is prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria

25
Q

What are the key features of prokaryotic organisms?

A

Unicellular

No nucleus - the genetic material is found in the cytoplasm

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells

26
Q

Are bacteria multicelluar or unicellular?

A

Unicellular

27
Q

Do bacteria have cell walls?

A

Yes - made of peptidoglycan

28
Q

How do bacteria store their DNA?

A

A circular chromosone of DNA in the cytoplasm called the nucleoid

Plasmids - Small circular loops of DNA that contain genes (independent of the chromosomal DNA) found in the cytoplasm as well

29
Q

How does nutrition work for bacteria?

A

Most feed off other living or dead organisms (heterotrophs and saprotrophs)

Some have chlorophyll (though not chloroplasts) and photosynthesise

30
Q

Examples of bacteria?

A

Lactobacillus bulgaricus - Used in the production of yoghurt

Pneumoccus - A pathogen which causes pneunomia

31
Q

What is the definiton of a pathogen?

A

Any microorganism that causes disease in another organism

32
Q

Which kinds of microorganisms can be pathogens?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protoctists

33
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

No, as they do not fit into MRS GREN

34
Q

How big are viruses?

A

Extremely small, smaller than bacteria

35
Q

What do viruses need to reproduce?

A

They must be inside the cells of other living organisms

36
Q

Which organisms can viruses infect?

A

All types of organisms

37
Q

What does the structure of a virus look like?

A

No cellular structure

Just a protein coat surrounding some type of nucleic acid (RNA/DNA) acting as their genetic material

38
Q

Examples of viruses?

A

Influenza - causes the flu
HIV - causes aids

biology (19 decks)

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