Biological Molecules (excluding enzymes) Flashcards
What are the three categories most molecules in food and much of what is in our bodies fall into?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids
Which chemical elements are present in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oyxgen
Which chemical elements are present in proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (Some contain small amounts of Sulphur)
Which chemical elements are present in lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What are carbohydrates digested down to?
Glucose (a monosaccharide) which is absorbed into the bloodstream
What is a single unit of carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide, being glucose or fructose
What are two units of carbohydrates called?
Disaccharides, being sucrose which is a fructose unit and a glucose unit, or maltose which is two glucose units
What are many units of carbohydrates called?
Polysaccharides like starch, glycogen or cellulose, which are comprised of many glucose units
What is the bond that holds single units of carbohydrates together called?
Glycosidic
What are proteins digested down to?
Amino acids
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
What are the bonds inbetween amino acids called which make up a protein molecule?
Peptide bonds
How can amino acids be arranged?
In any order, to form many different shapes which perform different functions. For example, each enzyme will have a very specific shape which is its specific arrangment of amino acids
What is the difference between fats and oils? (The two sections all lipids are divided into)
Fats are solid at room temperature, oils are liquid at room temperature
What is a unit of lipid comprised of?
One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules
