Variation

Question 1

London

Answer 1

GOOSE (diphthongization)
FLEECE (diphthongization)
FACE/GOAT
PRICE
MOUTH
CHOICE

Question 2

Northern

Answer 2

Strurt
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
FACE/GOAT

Question 3

Irish

Answer 3

BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
LOT
THOUGHT
FACE/GOAT

Question 4

Scottish

Answer 4

GOOSE (diphthongization)
KIT: open
NURSE
FOOT
GOOSE (diphthongization)
FACE/GOAT

Question 5

Welsh

Answer 5

Strut
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
FACE/GOAT
PRICE
MOUTH

Question 6

Southern

Answer 6

KIT: breaking
Dress: (breaking, and before nasals we have a raising
Strut
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
Cloth
PRICE

Question 7

New York

Answer 7

Trap: (diphthong)
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
Cloth
THOUGHT
NORTH (only difference from THOUGHT is that it has an R in the spelling

Question 8

AAVE

Answer 8

KIT: breaking
Dress: (breaking, and before nasals we have a raising
Strut
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
Cloth
THOUGHT
PRICE

Question 9

Australia

Answer 9

Dress: have raising
Trap: (raising)
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
GOOSE (diphthongization)
FLEECE (diphthongization)
FACE/GOAT
PRICE
MOUTH
CHOICE

Question 10

New Zealand

Answer 10

KIT: (mid central)
Dress: have raising
Trap: (raising)
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
NURSE
GOOSE (diphthongization)
FLEECE (diphthongization)
FACE/GOAT
PRICE
MOUTH
CHOICE

Question 11

South African

Answer 11

KIT: (mid central in some KIT words)
Dress: have raising
Trap: (raising)
BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
PRICE

Question 12

Caribbean

Answer 12

BATH, many varieties have a front vowel or a long front vowel
PALM/START (START-words have an R in the spelling, this is the only difference)
FACE/GOAT

Question 13

Inner circle Englishes

Answer 13

Distribution of /r/, rhotic, non-rhotic, variably rhotic
Realisation of /t/, /l/, /th/
Realisation + distribution of vowels
feature + symbol + description
find examples in a text

Question 14

Outer circle Englishes

Answer 14

Fewer vowels (Monophthongs in FACE and GOAT)
No dental fricativies
Consonant cluster reduction (elision: removing consonants, epenthesis: adding vowels)
Syllable-timing - often leads to spelling pronunciation. Full vowel quality in all syllables.
grammatical simplification
Underlying factors. England has played a role in many of these countries. The teaching is often focused on written English, which could lead to spelling pronunciation for example.