English Flashcards
What is an Adverb? (ADV)
– is a category of word which typical indicates manner (wait patiently) or degree (exceedingly patient). In English most (but not all) adverbs ends in -LY (quickly but also almost.
So, adverbs help us understand the “how,” “when,” or “where” of actions and descriptions in a sentence.
Adjective
Adjective – This category of word (abbreviated to A) which often denotes states (gives some information about a noun) ( sad / happy) which typically has an adverb counterpart in -LY (sad/sadly), which typically has comparative/superlative forms in -er/est (sadder/saddest) which can often take the prefix -un (unhappy) which can often form a noun by addition of the suffix -ness (sadness)
Pronoun (P)
A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun, often to avoid the need to repeat the same noun over and over. Like nouns, pronouns can refer to people, things, concepts, and places. (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody)
Noun (N)
A noun is a word that names something, such as a person, place, thing, or idea. In a sentence, nouns can play the role of subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object complement, appositive, or modifier. Some noun examples include: cat. bicycle. I way to know if a word is a noun is to put -S or -ES after it. And find out of the word can become plural or possessive
Verb (V)
Verbs are words that show an action (sing), occurrence (develop), or state of being (exist)
Verb (V): A category of word that has the morphological property that it can carry a specific range of inflections (e.g. the verb show can carry past tense -ed, third person singular present tense -s, perfect -n, progressive -ing, giving rise to shows/showed/shown/showing) and the syntactic property that it can head the complement of infinitival to (e.g. do you want to show me?)
Tacit
Tacit knowledge is a subconscious knowledge
Affix AF
the term affix is typically used to describe a grammatical morpheme which cannot stand on its own as an independent word, but which must be attached to a host word an appropriate kind.
Prefix
Prefix: an affix that attaches to the beginning of a word (e.g. -un in unhappy)
Suffix
Suffix: an Affix that attaches at the end of a word (e.g. -s in chases)
Auxiliary / AUX
Auxiliaries help convey information about tense, mood, voice, and more. They “help” the main verb by adding extra meaning to it.
a term used to categorise items such as will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, ought and some used of have, be, do, need, dare. Such items have number of idiosyncratic properties including the fact that they can undergo Inversions
Primary aux: be, do, have
Determiners (D)
A word like the/this/that used to modify a noun or noun phrase determiner in the sense that it determines the referential properties of the noun. For example, “the car” is definite referring expression, in the sense that it refers to a definite (specific) car which is assumed to be familiar to the hearer/addressee.
Quantifiers (Q)
A quantifier is a special type of word used to denote quantity. Typical quantifiers include the universal quantifiers all/both, the free choice quantifiers any/whatever, the distributive quantifiers each/every, the partitive quantifiers some/any
Numerals (NUM)
Numeral: A term used to denote the contrast between singular and plural forms. In English, we find number contrast in nouns (e.g. one dog, two dogs) in some determiners (cf. this book, These books) in pronouns (it,they) and in finite (auxiliary or main) verbs (cf. it smells they smell)
articles (ART)
A, An, The
coordinating conjunctions (CONJ)
And, Or, but
