Variation

Question 1

T-to-C Movement

Answer 1

take the element in T and move it to the front of the sentence. (forms yes/no questions)

Question 2

yes/no questions

Answer 2

the answer is yes or no. formed by t-to-c movement

Question 3

what does cp tell us

Answer 3

whether a sentence is declarative or interrogative

Question 4

t or f: all clauses have a cp layer above the tp

Answer 4

true

Question 5

[+Q] vs. [-Q]

Answer 5

[+Q] interrogative

[-Q] declarative

Question 6

do-insertion

Answer 6

1. insert interrogative do into an empty T position

2. move t to c

Question 7

wh-movement

Answer 7

1. move t to c

2. move question word to the specifier of CP

Question 8

trace

Answer 8

an empty category that occupies a position in the syntactic structure

Question 9

that-trace effect

Answer 9

the complementizer that cannot be followed by a trace

Question 10

t or f the moved element in wh-movement is just the wh-word

Answer 10

false

Question 11

when can’t contractions occur

Answer 11

when the words aren’t adjacent

Question 12

Why does movement occur?

Answer 12

T to C and wh-movement are driven by features on C.

Question 13

T or F: The basic X-bar architecture is part of Universal Grammar

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Head-initial

Answer 14

heads before complements (on the right)

Question 15

Head-final

Answer 15

heads after complements (on the left)

Question 16

linearization

Answer 16

we find variation in how sentences are linearized

Question 17

implications of linearization for UG

Answer 17

helps children learn languages: a single parameter setting controls all features

Question 18

Similarities b/n all languages

Answer 18

• Sentences are constructed from a basic template: CP≫TP≫ VP
• Thematic roles (AGENT, THEME, etc.) are assigned in the same relative structural configuration
• Verbs and prepositions select NP complements Nouns and adjectives select PP-complements CP is involved in question-formation
• Sentences are formed from phrases following a universal X-bar template

Question 19

Differences b/n languages

Answer 19

Some languages move wh-phrases to the specifier of CP, while others leave them in their base positions
Head-initial vs. head-final

Question 20

Height of Verbs in English vs. French vs. German

Answer 20

English: Verbs stay in V; subjects in Specifier of TP
French: Verbs raise to T; subjects in Specifier of TP
German: Verbs raise to C; “subjects” in Specifier of CP

Question 21

English T and V

Answer 21

Some auxiliaries show inflection for tense, lending support to the idea that they are in T
If there are multiple auxiliaries, only the highest one inflects for tense

Question 22

V2 Languages

Answer 22

The inflected verb or auxiliary is in the second position of the clause
*Second constituent, not the second word

Question 23

Evidence that the verb is in C

Answer 23

When C is filled, the verb can’t move into it

If a wh-word moves to the specifier of CP, another NP can’t also move there

Question 24

In order to capture variation, we can look at __

Answer 24

consistent patterns

Question 25

T or F: Do-insertion is required in negated English sentences

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T or F: In French, if there is an auxiliary in T, V to T movement does not take place

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Benefits of CP

Answer 27

We have space for some constituents to move to the specifier of CP
And the verb can be second (in the head of CP)