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LING 201 > Typology > Flashcards

Typology Flashcards

1
Q

What is linguistic typology?

A

Classification of languages based on shared features

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2
Q

T or F: The world’s languages vary randomly

A

False

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3
Q

Crucial question of linguistic typology

A

How do the world’s languages vary?

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4
Q

Sources of phonological typology

A

Perception (distinctness), production (ease), complexity

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5
Q

Phonological typology

A

Which sounds/patterns are more common than others

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6
Q

Categorical & statistical statements

A

Typological generalizations

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7
Q

Absolute universals

A

Structural patterns that occur in all languages

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8
Q

Implicational universals

A

The presence of one trait implies the presence of another trait but not vice versa

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9
Q

Marked

A

A trait that implies the presence of the other (Less basic)

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10
Q

Unmarked

A

A trait that presence is implied (More basic)

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11
Q

What does the following notation mean?

A

/k/ >/q/ (k is more common than q)

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12
Q

How many vowels do most languages have (range)

A

3-9

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13
Q

Front vowels are generally ____

A

Unrounded

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14
Q

Back vowels are generally ____

A

Rounded

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15
Q

T or F: Nasal vowels are marked

A

True

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16
Q

What makes English’s vowel system unusual?

A

it has 14+ vowels

17
Q

Perceptual distinctness

A

Languages favour vowels spread out in the vowel quadrangle

18
Q

What is the most common fricative phoneme

A

s

19
Q

What is the most common type of articulation

A

Stop

20
Q

T or F: Most languages have at least one nasal phoneme

A

true

21
Q

T or F: Most languages have at least one liquid phoneme

A

true

22
Q

T or F: In tone languages contour tones > level tones

A

false, other way around

23
Q

T or F: stops> fricatives, affricates

A

True

24
Q

T or F: Voiced obstruents > Voiceless obstruents

A

false, other way around

25
Q

T or F: /n/, /s/, /l/ > other nasals, fricatives, laterals

A

true

26
Q

Functional explanations for typology

A

Perception & Production

27
Q

functional and grammar explanations are ___

A

not mutually exclusive

LING 201 (10 decks)

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