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LING 201 > Phonetics > Flashcards

Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

Articulatory process

A

Airstream mechanisms + phonation + articulation

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2
Q

Acoustic process

A

Vibration of air molecules at different frequencies & amplitudes

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3
Q

Perceptual process

A

Auditory processing & mental categorization

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4
Q

Segments

A

Individual speech sounds (phones)

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5
Q

International Phonetic Alphabet

A

Universal system for transcribing the sounds of speech

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6
Q

3 steps of speech production

A
  1. Air supply sets air in motion (ex. lungs)
  2. A sound source (ex. larynx) modulates air flow via vocal folds
  3. Filters (ex. pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity) modify sound called the vocal tract
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7
Q

Airstream Mechanisms

A

Usually expressed as air expelled out from lungs (egressive airflow), but can also be produced by inhaling (ingressive airflow)

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8
Q

Larynx

A

Complex structure of cartilage, muscle, and tissue where vocal folds are located

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9
Q

Glottis

A

Space between vocal folds

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10
Q

Voiceless

A

Vocal folds are pulled apart

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11
Q

Voiced

A

Vocal folds are brought together

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12
Q

Murmur/ Breathy Voice

A

Vocal folds are partially open, letting air pass through, but still vibrating

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13
Q

Creaky Voice

A

Vocal folds are compressed and slack

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14
Q

Types of speech sounds

A

Consonants & Vowels

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15
Q

Articulatory differences b/n vowels and consonants

A

Consonants: constrict vocal tract
Vowels: open vocal tract

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16
Q

Aerodynamic differences b/n vowels and consonants

A

Consonants: no or turbulent airflow
Vowels: open vocal tract

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17
Q

Acoustic differences b/n vowels and consonants

A

Consonants: Less acoustic energy
Vowels: More acoustic energy

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18
Q

Stops (def)

A

Stopping airflow

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19
Q

Fricatives (def)

A

Constricting airflow to create turbulent noise

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20
Q

Affricates (def)

A

Stop and fricative in fast succession

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21
Q

Nasal (def)

A

Oral stop and diverted airflow to another resonator

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22
Q

Approximants & laterals (def)

A

Partial constriction without turbulence

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23
Q

Postalveolar (examples)

A

ʃ (ch), ʒ (j)

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24
Q

Alveolars (examples)

A

t, d, n, r, ɾ, s, z, ɹ, l

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25
Q

Labiodentals (examples)

A

f, v

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26
Q

Dentals (examples)

A

θ (voiceless th: thing) , ð (voiced th: these)

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27
Q

Bilabials (examples)

A

p, b, m, ɸ, β

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28
Q

Palatals (examples)

A

j (eee)

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29
Q

Velars (examples)

A

k, g, ŋ, χ, ɣ

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30
Q

Uvulars (examples)

A

χ, ʁ (None in English)

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31
Q

Glottals (examples)

32
Q

Fricatives (examples)

A

ɸ, β, f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h, χ, ɣ, χ, ʁ

33
Q

Stops (examples)

A

p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ

34
Q

Nasals (examples)

35
Q

Flaps (examples)

36
Q

Approximants (examples)

37
Q

Lateral approximants (examples)

38
Q

Voiced consonants (examples)

A

B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th (as in the word “then”), V, W, Y, and Z

39
Q

Glides (def)

A

Consonant with similar articulation to vowels, with narrower constrictions.

40
Q

ŋ is a ___

A

voiced velar nasal

41
Q

b is a ____

A

voiced bilabial stop

42
Q

f is a ___

A

voiceless labiodental fricative

43
Q

θ is a ___

A

voiceless dental fricative

44
Q

ɹ is a ___

A

voiceless alveolar approximant

45
Q

ʃ is a ___

A

voiceless post alveolar fricative

46
Q

ʔ is a ___

A

voiceless glottal stop

47
Q

d is a ____

A

voiced alveolar stop

48
Q

d is a ____

A

voiced alveolar stop

49
Q

s is a ____

A

voiceless alveolar fricative

50
Q

ð is a ____

A

voiced dental fricative

51
Q

ð is a ____

A

voiced dental fricative

52
Q

Monophthongs

A

“Simple vowels”: position of articulators is relatively constant

53
Q

Diphthongs

A

Sequence of a vowel + glide or vice versa; involves a noticeable change in articulation, but is counted as one segment only.

54
Q

Syllable

A

Speech unit larger than a single sound and smaller than a word

55
Q

Stress

A

Syllables said to be more prominent than others in an utterance

56
Q

Tone

A

Languages use pitch difference to signal differences in word meaning.

57
Q

Intonation

A

Pitch contrast to convey post lexical meanings

58
Q

Falling Tune

A

Fall from final high accent to a low boundary tone at the end of an intonational phrase

59
Q

Low Rising Tune

A

Fall from a final high accent to a low boundary tone at the end of an intonational phrase

60
Q

Front Vowels (examples)

A

i, e, y, æ, œ, ɛ, ɪ

61
Q

Central Vowels (examples)

62
Q

Back Vowels (examples)

A

u, ʊ, o, ʌ, ɑ, ɔ

63
Q

Close Vowels (examples)

A

i, y, u, ʊ, ɪ

64
Q

Mid Vowels (examples)

A

e, o, ə, œ, ɛ, o, ʌ, ɔ

65
Q

Open Vowels (examples)

66
Q

æ is a ___

A

open front unrounded vowel

67
Q

ɛ is a ___

A

mid front unrounded vowel

68
Q

ʊ is a ___

A

close back rounded vowel

69
Q

i is a ___

A

close front unrounded vowel

70
Q

ʌ is a ___

A

mid back unrounded vowel

71
Q

ɑ is a ___

A

open back unrounded vowel

72
Q

aj pronunciation

A

pronounced “eye”

73
Q

oj pronunciation

A

pronounced “oy”

74
Q

aw pronunciation

A

pronounced “ow”`

75
Q

ej pronunciation

A

pronounced “eh”

LING 201 (10 decks)

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