Variables

Question 1

What is the Independent Variable?

Answer 1

The thing that is changed

Question 2

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 2

The thing that is measured / will be affected by the changes

Question 3

What does the term operationalisation mean?

Answer 3

This is how we will measure our IV and DV

Question 4

Give an example of an operationalisation directional hypothesis?

Answer 4

After drinking 300ml of Red Bull participants will say more words in the next 5 minutes than participants who drink 300ml of water

Question 5

What does random allocation mean?

Answer 5

This means that everyone has an equal chance of doing either condition

Question 6

How can we help control the experiments flaws?

Answer 6

Random allocation
Counterbalancing
Randomisation
Standardisation

Question 7

What does randomisation mean?

Answer 7

Participants are assigned to condition A or B randomly

Question 8

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 8

Any variable (apart from the IV) that effects the DV

Question 9

What is a confounding variables?

Answer 9

Anything other than the IV that has nor been accounted for before the experiment begins

Question 10

What is a situational variable?

Answer 10

A type of extraneous variable found in the environment . Eg noise

Question 11

Give examples of a situational variable?

Answer 11

Noise, light, location, time, temperature, weather

Question 12

What are participant variables?

Answer 12

A type of extraneous variable found in participants. Eg motivation levels

Question 13

Give examples of participant variables?

Answer 13

Motivation levels, mood, skills, experiences, fatigue, eyesight

Question 14

What are experimenter variables?

Answer 14

Effects of the experimente’s expectations which are communicated intentionally or unintentionally (aka investigator bias)

(A type of extraneous variable where the experimenter unintentionally or intentionally communicates the aims of the study to the ppts)

Question 15

Give an example of a experimenter variable?

Answer 15

If a participant gives a wrong answer the experimenter may look sad so he changes his answer as he things he is wrong

Question 16

What is counterbalancing?

Answer 16

The order of which the standardised procedures are presented to the participants, in a repeated measures design, to minimise demand characteristics.

Question 17

State what counterbalancing is?

Answer 17

Half of the participants do condition a whilst the other half do condition b then you swap them

Question 18

What is standardisation?

Answer 18

Everything should be the same for all participants. For example the instruments used across all the conditions

Question 19

When doing a repeated measures experiment you how can you control some extraneous variables?

Answer 19

By using counterbalancing