Self Report Flashcards
What are the 2 types of self repot?
Questionnaires
Interviews
Define questionnaire?
Questionnaires are a set of questions used to asses a person’s thoughts and experiences. They are usually gathered from a large number of people and select samples of people. They may include a mixture of closed and open ended questions
Define an open ended question?
A question where the range of answers aren’t restricted by the questioner eg how do you feel about?
Define a closed ended question?
A type of question where the possible answers are determined by the researcher. There are various types but they are usually about factual data. Eg How old are you?
Define a likert scale?
A likert scale is one in which the respondent indecates their agreement (or otherwises)
Strongly agree - agree - neutral - disagree - strongly disagree
Define a structured interview?
An interview in which the questions have been decided in advance
What are the advantages of structured interviews?
They can be easily repeated - standardised questions
Less skill is required than unstructured interviews by the interviewer
They are easier to analyse than unstructured interviews
What are the disadvantages of structured interviews?
Interviewer bias may still occur as well as social desirability bias
Data collected will be restricted by the pre made questions
Define unstructured interview?
An interview which starts withy some general aims and questions and then lets the interviewee’s answers guid the next questions
What are the advantages of unstructured interviews?
Detailed and in depth information is obtained and the interviewee’s feelings and thoughts
You maybe be able to unearth more information than in a structured interview
You can make tailored questions to specific responses
Good rapport means it is high in validity
What are the disadvantages of unstructured interviews?
These interviews are more effected by interviewer bias
Well trained interviewers are required
It may be low in validity because the interviewer may behave differently or ask different questions
It is hard to analyse answer
Body language could effect the interviewee
Define a semi structured interview?
An interview that uses a combination of both structured and unstructured interview techniques
What do you need to do when designing an interview?
Make sure there is clarity - clear questions - participant need sto b able to understand (can’t be too complicated)
You want to try and reduce bias as much as possible
You want to sequence the questions - start with easier questions until the correspondent is more relaxed
What is a common bias in interviews?
Social desirability bias
What are the advantages of questionnaires?
Cost effective
Less demand characteristics
Researchers don’t need to be present
Closed questions produce quantitive data which are generally straight forward to analyse
Whilst open questions give qualitative data which can give a lot of detail
They are repeatable
People may feel more able to disclose personal information in a questionnaire instead of an interview
They are flexible and can therefore fit the researchers needs
